Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Armstrong, W.; Kang, H.; Liyanage, A.; Maxwell, J.; Mulholland, J.; Ndukum, L.; Ahmidouch, A.; Albayrak, I.; Asaturyan, A.; Ates, O.; Baghdasaryan, H.; Boeglin, W.; Bosted, P.; Brash, E.; Butuceanu, C.; Bychkov, M.; Carter, P.; Chen, C.; Chen, J. -P.; Choi, S.; Christy, M. E.; Covrig, S.; Crabb, D.; Danagoulian, S.; Daniel, A.; Davidenko, A. M.; Davis, B.; Day, D.; Deconinck, W.; Deur, A.; Dunne, J.; Dutta, D.; El Fassi, L.; Ellis, C.; Ent, R.; Flay, D.; Frlez, E.; Gaskell, D.; Geagla, O.; German, J.; Gilman, R.; Gogami, T.; Gomez, J.; Goncharenko, Y. M.; Hashimoto, O.; Higinbotham, D.; Horn, T.; Huber, G. M.; Jones, M.; Jones, M. K.; Kalantarians, N.; Kang, H-K.; Kawama, D.; Keith, C.; Keppel, C.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, Y.; King, P. M.; Kohl, M.; Kovacs, K.; Kubarovsky, V.; Li, Y.; Liyanage, N.; Luo, W.; Mack, D.; Mamyan, V.; Markowitz, P.; Maruta, T.; Meekins, D.; Melnik, Y. M.; Meziani, Z. -E.; Mkrtchyan, A.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Mochalov, V. V.; Monaghan, P.; Narayan, A.; Nakamura, S. N.; Nuruzzaman, A.; Pentchev, L.; Pocanic, D.; Posik, M.; Puckett, A.; Qiu, X.; Reinhold, J.; Riordan, S.; Roche, J.; Rondón, O. A.; Sawatzky, B.; Shabestari, M.; Slifer, K.; Smith, G.; Soloviev, L. F.; Solvignon, P.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tang, L.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Veilleux, M.; Walton, T.; Wesselmann, F.; Wood, S.; Yao, H.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhu, L.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.022002

Title: Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Abstract

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment measured two double spin asymmetries using a polarized proton target and polarized electron beam at two beam energies, 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. A large acceptance open-configuration detector package identified scattered electrons at 40° and covered a wide range in Bjorken $$\mathcal{x}$$ (0.3< $$\mathcal{x}$$ <0.8). Proportional to an average color Lorentz force, the twist-3 matrix element, $$\tilde{d}$$$$p\atop{2}$$, was extracted from the measured asymmetries at Q² values ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 GeV². The data display the opposite sign compared to most quark models, including the lattice QCD result, and an unexpected scale dependence. Moreover, when combined with the neutron data in the same Q² range the results suggest a flavor independent average color Lorentz force.

Authors:: Armstrong, W.; Kang, H.; Liyanage, A.; Maxwell, J.; Mulholland, J.; Ndukum, L.; Ahmidouch, A.; Albayrak, I.; Asaturyan, A.; Ates, O.; Baghdasaryan, H.; Boeglin, W.; Bosted, P.; Brash, E.; Butuceanu, C.; Bychkov, M.; Carter, P.; Chen, C.; Chen, J. -P.; Choi, S. more »« less

Publication Date:: Fri Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Org.:: SANE Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1501865

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1491283; OSTI ID: 1574226; OSTI ID: 1599201

Report Number(s):: JLAB-PHY-19-2886; DOE/OR/23177-4831; arXiv:1805.08835
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; 144321

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; FG02-94ER4084; FG02-96ER40950; AC05-06OR23177; FG02-07ER41528

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Armstrong, W., Kang, H., Liyanage, A., Maxwell, J., Mulholland, J., Ndukum, L., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Asaturyan, A., Ates, O., Baghdasaryan, H., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Butuceanu, C., Bychkov, M., Carter, P., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Choi, S., Christy, M. E., Covrig, S., Crabb, D., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A. M., Davis, B., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Deur, A., Dunne, J., Dutta, D., El Fassi, L., Ellis, C., Ent, R., Flay, D., Frlez, E., Gaskell, D., Geagla, O., German, J., Gilman, R., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Goncharenko, Y. M., Hashimoto, O., Higinbotham, D., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H-K., Kawama, D., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kohl, M., Kovacs, K., Kubarovsky, V., Li, Y., Liyanage, N., Luo, W., Mack, D., Mamyan, V., Markowitz, P., Maruta, T., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y. M., Meziani, Z. -E., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mochalov, V. V., Monaghan, P., Narayan, A., Nakamura, S. N., Nuruzzaman, A., Pentchev, L., Pocanic, D., Posik, M., Puckett, A., Qiu, X., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rondón, O. A., Sawatzky, B., Shabestari, M., Slifer, K., Smith, G., Soloviev, L. F., Solvignon, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Vasiliev, A. N., Veilleux, M., Walton, T., Wesselmann, F., Wood, S., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., and Zhu, L. Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.022002.

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                    Armstrong, W., Kang, H., Liyanage, A., Maxwell, J., Mulholland, J., Ndukum, L., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Asaturyan, A., Ates, O., Baghdasaryan, H., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Butuceanu, C., Bychkov, M., Carter, P., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Choi, S., Christy, M. E., Covrig, S., Crabb, D., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A. M., Davis, B., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Deur, A., Dunne, J., Dutta, D., El Fassi, L., Ellis, C., Ent, R., Flay, D., Frlez, E., Gaskell, D., Geagla, O., German, J., Gilman, R., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Goncharenko, Y. M., Hashimoto, O., Higinbotham, D., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H-K., Kawama, D., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kohl, M., Kovacs, K., Kubarovsky, V., Li, Y., Liyanage, N., Luo, W., Mack, D., Mamyan, V., Markowitz, P., Maruta, T., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y. M., Meziani, Z. -E., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mochalov, V. V., Monaghan, P., Narayan, A., Nakamura, S. N., Nuruzzaman, A., Pentchev, L., Pocanic, D., Posik, M., Puckett, A., Qiu, X., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rondón, O. A., Sawatzky, B., Shabestari, M., Slifer, K., Smith, G., Soloviev, L. F., Solvignon, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Vasiliev, A. N., Veilleux, M., Walton, T., Wesselmann, F., Wood, S., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., & Zhu, L. Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.022002

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                    Armstrong, W., Kang, H., Liyanage, A., Maxwell, J., Mulholland, J., Ndukum, L., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Asaturyan, A., Ates, O., Baghdasaryan, H., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Butuceanu, C., Bychkov, M., Carter, P., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Choi, S., Christy, M. E., Covrig, S., Crabb, D., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A. M., Davis, B., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Deur, A., Dunne, J., Dutta, D., El Fassi, L., Ellis, C., Ent, R., Flay, D., Frlez, E., Gaskell, D., Geagla, O., German, J., Gilman, R., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Goncharenko, Y. M., Hashimoto, O., Higinbotham, D., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H-K., Kawama, D., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kohl, M., Kovacs, K., Kubarovsky, V., Li, Y., Liyanage, N., Luo, W., Mack, D., Mamyan, V., Markowitz, P., Maruta, T., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y. M., Meziani, Z. -E., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mochalov, V. V., Monaghan, P., Narayan, A., Nakamura, S. N., Nuruzzaman, A., Pentchev, L., Pocanic, D., Posik, M., Puckett, A., Qiu, X., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rondón, O. A., Sawatzky, B., Shabestari, M., Slifer, K., Smith, G., Soloviev, L. F., Solvignon, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Vasiliev, A. N., Veilleux, M., Walton, T., Wesselmann, F., Wood, S., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., and Zhu, L. Fri .  
"Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.022002.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1501865.

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@article{osti_1501865,

  title        = {Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering},

  author       = {Armstrong, W. and Kang, H. and Liyanage, A. and Maxwell, J. and Mulholland, J. and Ndukum, L. and Ahmidouch, A. and Albayrak, I. and Asaturyan, A. and Ates, O. and Baghdasaryan, H. and Boeglin, W. and Bosted, P. and Brash, E. and Butuceanu, C. and Bychkov, M. and Carter, P. and Chen, C. and Chen, J. -P. and Choi, S. and Christy, M. E. and Covrig, S. and Crabb, D. and Danagoulian, S. and Daniel, A. and Davidenko, A. M. and Davis, B. and Day, D. and Deconinck, W. and Deur, A. and Dunne, J. and Dutta, D. and El Fassi, L. and Ellis, C. and Ent, R. and Flay, D. and Frlez, E. and Gaskell, D. and Geagla, O. and German, J. and Gilman, R. and Gogami, T. and Gomez, J. and Goncharenko, Y. M. and Hashimoto, O. and Higinbotham, D. and Horn, T. and Huber, G. M. and Jones, M. and Jones, M. K. and Kalantarians, N. and Kang, H-K. and Kawama, D. and Keith, C. and Keppel, C. and Khandaker, M. and Kim, Y. and King, P. M. and Kohl, M. and Kovacs, K. and Kubarovsky, V. and Li, Y. and Liyanage, N. and Luo, W. and Mack, D. and Mamyan, V. and Markowitz, P. and Maruta, T. and Meekins, D. and Melnik, Y. M. and Meziani, Z. -E. and Mkrtchyan, A. and Mkrtchyan, H. and Mochalov, V. V. and Monaghan, P. and Narayan, A. and Nakamura, S. N. and Nuruzzaman, A. and Pentchev, L. and Pocanic, D. and Posik, M. and Puckett, A. and Qiu, X. and Reinhold, J. and Riordan, S. and Roche, J. and Rondón, O. A. and Sawatzky, B. and Shabestari, M. and Slifer, K. and Smith, G. and Soloviev, L. F. and Solvignon, P. and Tadevosyan, V. and Tang, L. and Vasiliev, A. N. and Veilleux, M. and Walton, T. and Wesselmann, F. and Wood, S. and Yao, H. and Ye, Z. and Zhang, J. and Zhu, L.},

  abstractNote = {The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment measured two double spin asymmetries using a polarized proton target and polarized electron beam at two beam energies, 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. A large acceptance open-configuration detector package identified scattered electrons at 40° and covered a wide range in Bjorken $\mathcal{x}$ (0.3< $\mathcal{x}$ <0.8). Proportional to an average color Lorentz force, the twist-3 matrix element, $\tilde{d}$$p\atop{2}$, was extracted from the measured asymmetries at Q2 values ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 GeV2. The data display the opposite sign compared to most quark models, including the lattice QCD result, and an unexpected scale dependence. Moreover, when combined with the neutron data in the same Q2 range the results suggest a flavor independent average color Lorentz force.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.022002},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 122,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Fri Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

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Target Mass Corrections for Polarized Structure Functions and New Sum Rules
text, January 1998

Blümlein, J.; Tkabladze, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9812478

Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetries and Spin-dependent Structure Functions in the Valence Quark Region
text, January 2004

Zheng, X.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0405006

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Title: Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Abstract

Citation Formats

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A 2 and the spin-structure function g 2 of the proton journal, March 2012

Target mass corrections for polarized structure functions and new sum rules journal, July 1999

Current Commutators and Electron Scattering at High Momentum Transfer journal, January 1969

QCD analysis of polarized deep-inelastic scattering data and parton distributions journal, August 2002

New developments in the statistical approach of parton distributions: Tests and predictions up to LHC energies journal, September 2015

Unitary isobar model --MAID2007 journal, October 2007

Target mass corrections to the matrix elements in nucleon spin structure functions journal, August 2008

Measurements of d 2 n and A 1 n : Probing the neutron spin structure journal, September 2016

Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Element d 2 n : Probing Color Forces journal, July 2014

Proton Spin Structure in the Resonance Region journal, March 2007

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic ep and up Scattering journal, January 1969

Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetries and spin-dependent structure functions in the valence quark region journal, December 2004

Theory of power corrections to deep inelastic scattering in quantum chromodynamics journal, June 1982

POLRAD 2.0. FORTRAN code for the radiative corrections calculation to deep inelastic scattering of polarized particles journal, August 1997

A threshold gas Cherenkov detector for the Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment journal, December 2015

Radiative effects in deep inelastic scattering of polarized leptons by polarized light nuclei journal, April 1994

Precision measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetries A2 journal, January 2003

Sum rules for spin-dependent electroproduction- test of relativistic constituent quarks journal, December 1977

Measurement of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Function g 1 in the Resonance Region journal, February 1997

Measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetry A2 journal, July 1999

Transverse force on quarks in deep-inelastic scattering journal, December 2013

Target mass effects in polarized electroproduction journal, May 1980

Evolution equation for the structure function g2(x,Q2) journal, June 2001

Power corrections 1/Q2to parton sum rules for deep inelastic scattering from polarized nucleons journal, June 1990

Target mass effects in polarized deep-inelastic scattering journal, March 1998

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections journal, September 2007

Investigation of the second moment of the nucleon’s g 1 and g 2 structure functions in two-flavor lattice QCD journal, September 2005

QCD sum rule calculation of twist-3 contributions to polarized nucleon structure functions journal, January 1995

What can break the Wandzura-Wilczek relation? journal, November 2009

Studies of the transverse spin-dependent structure function g 2 ( x , Q 2 ) journal, February 1991

Design and performance of the spin asymmetries of the nucleon experiment journal, March 2018

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions journal, April 2016

Polarized structure function g 2 in the c.m. bag model journal, August 1996

Polarized nucleon structure functions within a chiral soliton model journal, June 1997

QCD higher order effects in spin-dependent deep inelastic electroproduction journal, November 1979

Higher twist parton distributions from light-cone wave functions journal, May 2011

QCD higher-order effects in polarized electroproduction journal, March 1980

Quark–hadron duality in electron scattering journal, January 2005

Calculations of higher twist distribution functions in the MIT bag model journal, July 1997

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering journal, October 2017

Instanton contributions to the τ decay widths journal, December 1993

Quantum-chromodynamic effects in polarized electroproduction journal, August 1979

Probing Quark-Gluon Interactions with Transverse Polarized Scattering journal, September 2010

Instanton contributions to the τ decay widths text, January 1993

Target mass corrections to matrix elements in nucleon spin structure functions text, January 2008

Higher twist parton distributions from light-cone wave functions text, January 2011

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A2 and the spin-structure function g2 of the proton text, January 2011

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering text, January 2017

Precision Measurement of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Functions g2 and Asymmetries A2 text, January 2002

Evolution equation for the structure function g_2(x,Q^2) text, January 2001

Quark-hadron duality in electron scattering text, January 2005

Calculations of Higher Twist Distribution Functions in the MIT Bag Model text, January 1996

Target mass effects in polarized deep-inelastic scattering text, January 1997

Target Mass Corrections for Polarized Structure Functions and New Sum Rules text, January 1998

Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetries and Spin-dependent Structure Functions in the Valence Quark Region text, January 2004

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A 2 and the spin-structure function g 2 of the proton
journal, March 2012

Target mass corrections for polarized structure functions and new sum rules
journal, July 1999

Current Commutators and Electron Scattering at High Momentum Transfer
journal, January 1969

QCD analysis of polarized deep-inelastic scattering data and parton distributions
journal, August 2002

New developments in the statistical approach of parton distributions: Tests and predictions up to LHC energies
journal, September 2015

Unitary isobar model --MAID2007
journal, October 2007

Target mass corrections to the matrix elements in nucleon spin structure functions
journal, August 2008

Measurements of $d_{2}^{n}$ and $A_{1}^{n}$ : Probing the neutron spin structure
journal, September 2016

Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Element $d_{2}^{n}$ : Probing Color Forces
journal, July 2014

Proton Spin Structure in the Resonance Region
journal, March 2007

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic $ep$ and $up$ Scattering
journal, January 1969

Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetries and spin-dependent structure functions in the valence quark region
journal, December 2004

Theory of power corrections to deep inelastic scattering in quantum chromodynamics
journal, June 1982

POLRAD 2.0. FORTRAN code for the radiative corrections calculation to deep inelastic scattering of polarized particles
journal, August 1997

A threshold gas Cherenkov detector for the Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment
journal, December 2015

Radiative effects in deep inelastic scattering of polarized leptons by polarized light nuclei
journal, April 1994

Precision measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetries A2
journal, January 2003

Sum rules for spin-dependent electroproduction- test of relativistic constituent quarks
journal, December 1977

Measurement of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Function $g_{1}$ in the Resonance Region
journal, February 1997

Measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetry A2
journal, July 1999

Transverse force on quarks in deep-inelastic scattering
journal, December 2013

Target mass effects in polarized electroproduction
journal, May 1980

Evolution equation for the structure function g2(x,Q2)
journal, June 2001

Power corrections 1/Q2to parton sum rules for deep inelastic scattering from polarized nucleons
journal, June 1990

Target mass effects in polarized deep-inelastic scattering
journal, March 1998

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
journal, September 2007

Investigation of the second moment of the nucleon’s $g_{1}$ and $g_{2}$ structure functions in two-flavor lattice QCD
journal, September 2005

QCD sum rule calculation of twist-3 contributions to polarized nucleon structure functions
journal, January 1995

What can break the Wandzura-Wilczek relation?
journal, November 2009

Studies of the transverse spin-dependent structure function $g_{2} (x, Q^{2})$
journal, February 1991

Design and performance of the spin asymmetries of the nucleon experiment
journal, March 2018

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions
journal, April 2016

Polarized structure function $g_{2}$ in the c.m. bag model
journal, August 1996

Polarized nucleon structure functions within a chiral soliton model
journal, June 1997

QCD higher order effects in spin-dependent deep inelastic electroproduction
journal, November 1979

Higher twist parton distributions from light-cone wave functions
journal, May 2011

QCD higher-order effects in polarized electroproduction
journal, March 1980

Quark–hadron duality in electron scattering
journal, January 2005

Calculations of higher twist distribution functions in the MIT bag model
journal, July 1997

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering
journal, October 2017

Instanton contributions to the τ decay widths
journal, December 1993

Quantum-chromodynamic effects in polarized electroproduction
journal, August 1979

Probing Quark-Gluon Interactions with Transverse Polarized Scattering
journal, September 2010

Instanton contributions to the τ decay widths
text, January 1993

Target mass corrections to matrix elements in nucleon spin structure functions
text, January 2008

Higher twist parton distributions from light-cone wave functions
text, January 2011

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A2 and the spin-structure function g2 of the proton
text, January 2011

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering
text, January 2017

Precision Measurement of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Functions g2 and Asymmetries A2
text, January 2002

Evolution equation for the structure function g_2(x,Q^2)
text, January 2001

Quark-hadron duality in electron scattering
text, January 2005

Calculations of Higher Twist Distribution Functions in the MIT Bag Model
text, January 1996

Target mass effects in polarized deep-inelastic scattering
text, January 1997

Target Mass Corrections for Polarized Structure Functions and New Sum Rules
text, January 1998

Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetries and Spin-dependent Structure Functions in the Valence Quark Region
text, January 2004