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Title: Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure

Abstract

Quantum anomalous Hall state is expected to emerge in Dirac electron systems such as graphene under both sufficiently strong exchange and spin-orbit interactions. In pristine graphene, neither interaction exists; however, both interactions can be acquired by coupling graphene to a magnetic insulator as revealed by the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we show enhanced magnetic proximity coupling by sandwiching graphene between a ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) which also serves as a top gate dielectric. By sweeping the top-gate voltage, we observe Fermi level-dependent anomalous Hall conductance. As the Dirac point is approached from both electron and hole sides, the anomalous Hall conductance reaches ¼ of the quantum anomalous Hall conductance 2e2/h. The exchange coupling strength is determined to be as high as 27 meV from the transition temperature of the induced magnetic phase. YIG/graphene/h-BN is an excellent heterostructure for demonstrating proximity-induced interactions in two-dimensional electron systems.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [3];  [1]
  1. Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  2. National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan). Advanced Materials Lab.
  3. Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Physics
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1501548
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1406647
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-07ER46351; SC0010597; 1202559; 1610447
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
APL Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2166-532X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; spin-orbit interactions; crystallography; magnetism; Hall effect; ferromagnetic materials; exchange coupling; graphene; dielectric materials; electrostatics; exchange interactions

Citation Formats

Tang, Chi, Cheng, Bin, Aldosary, Mohammed, Wang, Zhiyong, Jiang, Zilong, Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Bockrath, Marc, and Shi, Jing. Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5001318.
Tang, Chi, Cheng, Bin, Aldosary, Mohammed, Wang, Zhiyong, Jiang, Zilong, Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Bockrath, Marc, & Shi, Jing. Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5001318
Tang, Chi, Cheng, Bin, Aldosary, Mohammed, Wang, Zhiyong, Jiang, Zilong, Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Bockrath, Marc, and Shi, Jing. Thu . "Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5001318. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1501548.
@article{osti_1501548,
title = {Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure},
author = {Tang, Chi and Cheng, Bin and Aldosary, Mohammed and Wang, Zhiyong and Jiang, Zilong and Watanabe, K. and Taniguchi, T. and Bockrath, Marc and Shi, Jing},
abstractNote = {Quantum anomalous Hall state is expected to emerge in Dirac electron systems such as graphene under both sufficiently strong exchange and spin-orbit interactions. In pristine graphene, neither interaction exists; however, both interactions can be acquired by coupling graphene to a magnetic insulator as revealed by the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we show enhanced magnetic proximity coupling by sandwiching graphene between a ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) which also serves as a top gate dielectric. By sweeping the top-gate voltage, we observe Fermi level-dependent anomalous Hall conductance. As the Dirac point is approached from both electron and hole sides, the anomalous Hall conductance reaches ¼ of the quantum anomalous Hall conductance 2e2/h. The exchange coupling strength is determined to be as high as 27 meV from the transition temperature of the induced magnetic phase. YIG/graphene/h-BN is an excellent heterostructure for demonstrating proximity-induced interactions in two-dimensional electron systems.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5001318},
journal = {APL Materials},
number = 2,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Cited by: 29 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1. FIG. 1. : (a) Schematic view of a YIG/graphene/h-BN device; (b) AFM image of a typical YIG film grown by pulsed laser deposition with roughness ∼0.15 nm across a 2 × 2 µm2 scan area; (c) top: exfoliated graphene on SiO2 covered with h-BN, bottom: transferred graphene/h-BN devices on amore » YIG substrate.« less

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