Turbulence kinetic energy budget and conditional sampling of momentum, scalar, and intermittency fluxes in thermally stratified wind farms

Ali, Naseem; Hamilton, Nicholas; Calaf, Marc; Cal, Raúl Bayoán

doi:10.1080/14685248.2018.1564831

Title: Turbulence kinetic energy budget and conditional sampling of momentum, scalar, and intermittency fluxes in thermally stratified wind farms

Journal Article · 10 January 2019 · Journal of Turbulence (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2018.1564831 · OSTI ID:1500073

Ali, Naseem ^[1]; Hamilton, Nicholas ^[2]; Calaf, Marc ^[3]; Cal, Raúl Bayoán ^[1]

Portland State Univ., Portland, OR (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

A description of the turbulence kinetic energy budget is investigated to understand the dynamics and turbulence energy transfer between the atmospheric boundary layer and large wind farms. The turbulence kinetic energy budget terms are a dominant factor in explaining the energy supply process in wind farms. Large eddy simulations are used to generate the thermally stratified wind turbine array boundary layer, where stable and unstable conditions are considered. The wakes represent a sink of mean kinetic energy, and turbulence transport redistributes energy in the wake region. The energy balance between the budget terms is dependent on the physical location in the wind farm. During the unstable scenario, turbulence is driven by the production, transport, and buoyancy terms. Further, the contribution of the turbulence kinetic energy budget terms is reduced with increasing atmospheric stability, especially above the shear layer, where the mechanical production is the dominant term. Pressure diffusion redistributes the turbulent energy from the streamwise direction into the other components of the normal Reynolds stresses. This distinctive feature of the changing thermal stratification is presented through the quadrant analysis. The momentum ejection and sweep frequencies are both comparable and dominant. The scalar flux shows an increase in the contribution of the negative correlation in the quadrants. The quadrant analysis is extended to account for intermittency based on the pointwise Holder exponents. As a result, positive correlations are dominant in the wake and in higher layers of the domain for both considered cases.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Wind Energy Technologies Office (EE-4WE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1500073

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5000-72248

Journal Information:: Journal of Turbulence (Online), Journal Name: Journal of Turbulence (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 20; ISSN 1468-5248

Publisher:: Taylor & FrancisCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (93)

Robust classification for the joint velocity-intermittency structure of turbulent flow over fixed and mobile bedforms: CLASSIFICATION OF TURBULENT FLOW OVER BEDFORMS Keylock, Christopher J.; Singh, Arvind; Venditti, Jeremy G. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 39, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3550	journal	March 2014
Pressure-potential-temperature covariance in convection with rotation Mironov, Dmitrii V. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 127, Issue 571 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712757106	journal	January 2001
Wind turbine boundary layer arrays for Cartesian and staggered configurations: Part II , low-dimensional representations via the proper orthogonal decomposition : Description of turbine array wake recovery via POD Hamilton, Nicholas; Tutkun, Murat; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Wind Energy, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1719	journal	February 2014
Time-adaptive wind turbine model for an LES framework: Time-adaptive wind turbine model for an LES framework Sharma, V.; Calaf, M.; Lehning, M. Wind Energy, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1877	journal	July 2015
Evaluation of layout and atmospheric stability effects in wind farms using large-eddy simulation: Evaluation of layout and atmospheric stability effects in wind farms using large-eddy simulation Ghaisas, Niranjan S.; Archer, Cristina L.; Xie, Shengbai Wind Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2091	journal	March 2017
Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm Barthelmie, R. J.; Jensen, L. E. Wind Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 6, p. 573-586 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.408	journal	May 2010
Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics Canuto, Claudio; Hussaini, M. Yousuff; Quarteroni, Alfio Springer Berlin, Heidelberg https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84108-8	book	January 1988
An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology Stull, Roland B. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8	book	January 1988
Experiments on scalar dispersion within a model plant canopy part II: An elevated plane source Coppin, P. A.; Raupach, M. R.; Legg, B. J. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 35, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117307	journal	April 1986
A second-order closure model for flow through vegetation Wilson, J. D. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121591	journal	March 1988
Averaging procedures for flow within vegetation canopies Raupach, M. R.; Shaw, R. H. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00128057	journal	January 1982
Regional shear stress of broken forest from radiosonde wind profiles in the unstable surface layer Parlange, Marc B.; Brutsaert, Wilfried Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711705	journal	June 1993
Statistische Theorie nichthomogener Turbulenz Rotta, J. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 129, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01330059	journal	November 1951
Statistische Theorie nichthomogener Turbulenz Rotta, J. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 131, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01329645	journal	March 1951
A Time Domain Characterization of the Fine Local Regularity of Functions Kolwankar, K. M.; Véhel, J. Lévy Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-002-0016-3	journal	July 2002
A Time Domain Characterization of 2-Microlocal Spaces Seuret, St�phane; L�vy V�hel, Jacques Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-003-0023-z	journal	September 2003
Quadrant analysis of persistent spatial velocity perturbations over square-bar roughness Pokrajac, Dubravka; Campbell, Lorna Jane; Nikora, Vladimir Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-006-0248-0	journal	January 2007
Turbulent structure of air flow over wind-induced gravity waves Longo, Sandro; Losada, Miguel A. Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1294-4	journal	March 2012
Flux contribution of coherent structures and its implications for the exchange of energy and matter in a tall spruce canopy Thomas, Christoph; Foken, Thomas Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9144-7	journal	January 2007
Long-term study of coherent structures in the atmospheric surface layer Barthlott, Christian; Drobinski, Philippe; Fesquet, Clément Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 125, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-007-9190-9	journal	July 2007
Effects of Thermal Stability and Incoming Boundary-Layer Flow Characteristics on Wind-Turbine Wakes: A Wind-Tunnel Study Chamorro, Leonardo P.; Porté-Agel, Fernando Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 136, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9512-1	journal	June 2010
Wind-Turbine Wakes in a Convective Boundary Layer: A Wind-Tunnel Study Zhang, Wei; Markfort, Corey D.; Porté-Agel, Fernando Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 146, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-012-9751-4	journal	July 2012
Very-Large-Scale Motions in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Educed by Snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Shah, Stimit; Bou-Zeid, Elie Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 153, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9950-2	journal	August 2014
Streamwise Evolution of Statistical Events in a Model Wind-Turbine Array Viestenz, Kyle; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 158, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0087-8	journal	September 2015
A Numerical Study of Wind-Turbine Wakes for Three Atmospheric Stability Conditions Xie, Shengbai; Archer, Cristina L. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 165, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0259-9	journal	May 2017
The budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stress within and above a deciduous forest Meyers, Tilden P.; Baldocchi, Dennis D. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 53, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90058-X	journal	January 1991
Recent developments in second-moment closure for buoyancy-affected flows Craft, T. J.; Ince, N. Z.; Launder, B. E. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 23, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(95)00424-6	journal	January 1996
Fatigue loads for wind turbines operating in wakes Thomsen, Kenneth; Sørensen, Poul Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 80, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00194-9	journal	March 1999
Natural integration of scalar fluxes from complex terrain Albertson, John D.; Parlange, Marc B. Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(99)00011-1	journal	November 1999
A wind tunnel study of ventilation mechanism over hypothetical urban roughness: The role of intermittent motion scales Mo, Ziwei; Liu, Chun-Ho Building and Environment, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.02.031	journal	May 2018
Mean and turbulent kinetic energy budgets inside and above very large wind farms under conventionally-neutral condition Abkar, Mahdi; Porté-Agel, Fernando Renewable Energy, Vol. 70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.050	journal	October 2014
Investigation of the incoming wind vector for improved wind turbine yaw-adjustment under different atmospheric and wind farm conditions Cortina, G.; Sharma, V.; Calaf, M. Renewable Energy, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.011	journal	February 2017
Turbulence upstream of wind turbines: A large-eddy simulation approach to investigate the use of wind lidars Cortina, G.; Calaf, M. Renewable Energy, Vol. 105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.069	journal	May 2017
Hydrology Brutsaert, Wilfried Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808470	book	January 2012
Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer Lu, S. S.; Willmarth, W. W. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 60, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112073000315	journal	September 1973
Progress in the development of a Reynolds-stress turbulence closure Launder, B. E.; Reece, G. J.; Rodi, W. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112075001814	journal	April 1975
Prediction of the contributions to the Reynolds stress from bursting events in open-channel flows Nakagawa, Hiroji; Nezu, Iehisa Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 80, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112077001554	journal	April 1977
Burst detection with single-point velocity measurements Bogard, D. G.; Tiederman, W. G. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 162, Issue -1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112086002094	journal	January 1986
A turbulent equilibrium boundary layer near separation Skåre, Per Egil; Krogstad, Per-åge Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 272 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112094004489	journal	August 1994
A rapid-pressure covariance representation consistent with the Taylor—Proudman theorem materially frame indifferent in the two-dimensional limit Ristorcelli, J. R.; Lumley, J. L.; Abid, R. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 292 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112095001467	journal	June 1995
Conditional sampling of transitional boundary layers in pressure gradients Nolan, Kevin P.; Zaki, Tamer A. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 728 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.287	journal	July 2013
Space–time pressure–velocity correlations in a turbulent boundary layer Naka, Yoshitsugu; Stanislas, Michel; Foucaut, Jean-Marc Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 771 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.158	journal	April 2015
Large eddy simulation of the velocity-intermittency structure for flow over a field of symmetric dunes Keylock, Christopher J.; Chang, Kyoungsik S.; Constantinescu, George S. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 805 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.519	journal	September 2016
Wind farm power fluctuations and spatial sampling of turbulent boundary layers Bossuyt, Juliaan; Meneveau, Charles; Meyers, Johan Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 823 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.328	journal	June 2017
Turbulence characteristics of a thermally stratified wind turbine array boundary layer via proper orthogonal decomposition Ali, N.; Cortina, G.; Hamilton, N. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 828 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.492	journal	August 2017
Turbulence, entrainment and low-order description of a transitional variable-density jet Viggiano, B.; Dib, T.; Ali, N. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 836 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.822	journal	December 2017
The Ejection-Sweep Character of Scalar Fluxes in the Unstable Surface Layer Katul, Gabriel; Kuhn, Greg; Schieldge, John Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000293516830	journal	April 1997
Mechanisms Controlling Turbulence Development Across A Forest Edge Morse, A. P.; Gardiner, B. A.; Marshall, B. J. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 103, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014507727784	journal	May 2002
Turbulent Pressure Statistics in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Large-Eddy Simulation Miles, Natasha L.; Wyngaard, John C.; Otte, Martin J. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 113, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BOUN.0000039377.36809.1d	journal	November 2004
A criterion for delimiting active periods within turbulent flows Keylock, C. J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033858	journal	January 2008
A classification scheme for turbulence based on the velocity-intermittency structure with an application to near-wall flow and with implications for bed load transport: VELOCITY-INTERMITTENCY STRUCTURE Keylock, C. J.; Nishimura, K.; Peinke, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 117, Issue F1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002127	journal	March 2012
The unstable surface layer above forest: Regional evaporation and heat flux Brutsaert, Wilfried; Parlance, Marc B. Water Resources Research, Vol. 28, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01860	journal	December 1992
Chaos as an intermittently forced linear system Brunton, Steven L.; Brunton, Bingni W.; Proctor, Joshua L. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00030-8	journal	May 2017
Investigation of Fluid Structures in a Smooth Open-Channel Flow Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Roussinova, Vesselina; Shinneeb, A. -M.; Balachandar, Ram Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 136, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000155	journal	March 2010
Quadrant Analysis of Turbulence in a Rectangular Cavity with Large Aspect Ratios Guan, Dawei; Agarwal, Prakash; Chiew, Yee-Meng Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 144, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001480	journal	July 2018
A scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic model for large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flows Bou-Zeid, Elie; Meneveau, Charles; Parlange, Marc Physics of Fluids, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1839152	journal	February 2005
Outer-layer similarity in the presence of a practical rough-wall topography Wu, Y.; Christensen, K. T. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2741256	journal	August 2007
Experimental study of the horizontally averaged flow structure in a model wind-turbine array boundary layer Cal, Raúl Bayoán; Lebrón, José; Castillo, Luciano Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3289735	journal	January 2010
Large eddy simulation study of fully developed wind-turbine array boundary layers Calaf, Marc; Meneveau, Charles; Meyers, Johan Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3291077	journal	January 2010
Simple models of turbulent flows Pope, Stephen B. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3531744	journal	January 2011
Large eddy simulation study of scalar transport in fully developed wind-turbine array boundary layers Calaf, Marc; Parlange, Marc B.; Meneveau, Charles Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3663376	journal	December 2011
Statistical analysis of kinetic energy entrainment in a model wind turbine array boundary layer Hamilton, Nicholas; Suk Kang, Hyung; Meneveau, Charles Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4761921	journal	November 2012
Influence of atmospheric stability on wind-turbine wakes: A large-eddy simulation study Abkar, Mahdi; Porté-Agel, Fernando Physics of Fluids, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4913695	journal	March 2015
Structure functions, scaling exponents and intermittency in the wake of a wind turbine array Ali, Naseem; Aseyev, Aleksandr S.; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941782	journal	January 2016
Inverse structure functions in the canonical wind turbine array boundary layer Viggiano, Bianca; Gion, Moira S.; Ali, Naseem Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966228	journal	September 2016
Focused-based multifractal analysis of the wake in a wind turbine array utilizing proper orthogonal decomposition Ali, Naseem; Kadum, Hawwa Falih; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4968032	journal	November 2016
Anisotropy stress invariants of thermally stratified wind turbine array boundary layers using large eddy simulations Ali, Naseem; Hamilton, Nicholas; Cortina, Gerard Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5016977	journal	January 2018
Influence of a strong adverse pressure gradient on the turbulent structure in a boundary layer Krogstad, Per‐Åge; Skåre, Per Egil Physics of Fluids, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.868513	journal	August 1995
Direct numerical simulation of a separated channel flow with a smooth profile Marquillie, M.; Laval, J. -P.; Dolganov, R. Journal of Turbulence, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/14685240701767332	journal	January 2008
On the evolution of turbulent scales in the wake of a wind turbine model Chamorro, L. P.; Guala, M.; Arndt, R. E. A. Journal of Turbulence, Vol. 13 https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2012.697169	journal	January 2012
Spectral behaviour of the turbulence-driven power fluctuations of wind turbines Tobin, N.; Zhu, H.; Chamorro, L. P. Journal of Turbulence, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2015.1031242	journal	April 2015
The coupling between inner and outer scales in a zero pressure boundary layer evaluated using a Hölder exponent framework Keylock, Christopher J.; Ganapathasubramani, Bharath; Monty, Jason Fluid Dynamics Research, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0169-5983/48/2/021405	journal	February 2016
Towards uncovering the structure of power fluctuations of wind farms Liu, Huiwen; Jin, Yaqing; Tobin, Nicolas Physical Review E, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.063117	journal	December 2017
Turbulent Character of Wind Energy Milan, Patrick; Wächter, Matthias; Peinke, Joachim Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.138701	journal	March 2013
Quantification of Preferential Contribution of Reynolds Shear Stresses and Flux of Mean Kinetic Energy Via Conditional Sampling in a Wind Turbine Array Kadum, Hawwa Falih; Knowles, Devin; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 141, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4040568	journal	July 2018
Multifractal Formalism for Functions Part I: Results Valid For All Functions Jaffard, S. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, Vol. 28, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1137/S0036141095282991	journal	July 1997
Conditional Sampling in Turbulence Measurement Antonia, R. A. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.13.010181.001023	journal	January 1981
A New Turbulence Microbarometer and Its Evaluation Using the Budget of Horizontal Heat Flux Wilczak, James M.; Bedard, Alfred J. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1170:ANTMAI>2.0.CO;2	journal	August 2004
The Influence of Atmospheric Stability on the Budgets of the Reynolds Stress and Turbulent Kinetic Energy within and above a Deciduous Forest Leclerc, M. Y.; Shaw, R. H.; Hartog, G. Den Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 29, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1990)029<0916:TIOASO>2.0.CO;2	journal	September 1990
A Large-Eddy-Simulation Model for the Study of Planetary Boundary-Layer Turbulence Moeng, Chin-Hoh Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 41, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2052:ALESMF>2.0.CO;2	journal	July 1984
Large-Scale Eddies in the Unstably Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layer. Part I: Velocity and Temperature Structure Wilczak, J. M. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 41, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<3537:LSEITU>2.0.CO;2	journal	December 1984
Wave and Turbulence Structure in a Shallow Baroclinic Convective Boundary Layer and Overlying Inversion Zhou, Ming Yu; Lenschow, D. H.; Stankov, B. B. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<0047:WATSIA>2.0.CO;2	journal	January 1985
An Analysis of Closures for Pressure-Scalar Covariances in the Convective Boundary Layer Moeng, Chin-Hoh; Wyngaard, John C. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 43, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<2499:AAOCFP>2.0.CO;2	journal	November 1986
Single-Point Closures in a Neutrally Stratified Boundary Layer Andrén, Anders; Moeng, Chin-Hoh Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 50, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<3366:SPCIAN>2.0.CO;2	journal	October 1993
CASES-99: A Comprehensive Investigation of the Stable Nocturnal Boundary Layer Poulos, Gregory S.; Blumen, William; Fritts, David C. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0555:CACIOT>2.3.CO;2	journal	April 2002
Second-Moment Budgets and Mixing Intensity in the Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Thermally Heterogeneous Surfaces Mironov, Dmitrii V.; Sullivan, Peter P. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 73, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0075.1	journal	January 2016
PIV Measurements in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer within and above a Mature Corn Canopy. Part II: Quadrant-Hole Analysis Zhu, W.; van Hout, R.; Katz, J. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 64, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3990.1	journal	August 2007
Direct Numerical Simulation of a separated channel flow with a smooth profile Marquillie, Matthieu; Laval, Jean-Philippe; Dolganov, Rostislav arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0710.3729	text	January 2007
Chaos as an Intermittently Forced Linear System Brunton, Steven L.; Brunton, Bingni W.; Proctor, Joshua L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.05306	text	January 2016
Towards uncovering the structure of power fluctuations of wind farms Liu, Huiwen; Jin, Yaqing; Tobin, Nicloas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.06139	text	January 2018
Characterizing the structure of nonlinear systems using gradual wavelet reconstruction Keylock, C. J. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-17-615-2010	journal	January 2010
Multiscaling and joint multiscaling description of the atmospheric wind speed and the aggregate power output from a wind farm Calif, R.; Schmitt, F. G. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-379-2014	journal	January 2014
Assessing spacing impact on coherent features in a wind turbine array boundary layer Ali, Naseem; Hamilton, Nicholas; DeLucia, Dominic Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-43-2018	journal	January 2018

Cited By (2)

Multirotor wind turbine wakes Bastankhah, Majid; Abkar, Mahdi Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5097285	journal	August 2019
Classification of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor in very large thermally stratified wind farms using colormap image segmentation Ali, Naseem; Hamilton, Nicholas; Calaf, Marc Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5113654	journal	November 2019

Similar Records

Turbulent kinetics of a large wind farm and their impact in the neutral boundary layer

Journal Article · 2015 · Energy · OSTI ID:1255115

Na, Ji Sung; Koo, Eunmo; Munoz-Esparza, Domingo; +3 more

Synergistic Effects of Turbine Wakes and Atmospheric Stability on Power Production at an Onshore Wind Farm

Technical Report · 2012 · OSTI ID:1035607

Wharton, Sonia; Lundquist, Julie K.; Marjanovic, Nikola

Unraveling the Mysteries of Turbulence Transport in a Wind Farm

Journal Article · 2015 · Energies · OSTI ID:1348917

Jha, Pankaj K.; Duque, Earl P. N.; Bashioum, Jessica L.; +1 more

Related Subjects

17 WIND ENERGY
atmospheric turbulence
large eddy simulation
passive scalar turbulence
wind energy

Title: Turbulence kinetic energy budget and conditional sampling of momentum, scalar, and intermittency fluxes in thermally stratified wind farms

Citation Formats

References (93)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects