Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium

Flötotto, David; Ota, Yuichi; Bai, Yang; Zhang, Can; Okazaki, Kozo; Tsuzuki, Akihiro; Hashimoto, Takahiro; Eckstein, James N.; Shin, Shik; Chiang, Tai-Chang

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar7214

Title: Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium

Abstract

A topological insulator film coupled to a simple isotropic s-wave superconductor substrate can foster helical pairing of the Dirac fermions associated with the topological surface states. Experimental realization of such a system is exceedingly difficult, however using a novel “flip-chip” technique, we have prepared single-crystalline Bi₂Se₃ films with predetermined thicknesses in terms of quintuple layers (QLs) on top of Nb substrates fresh from in situ cleavage. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of the film surface disclose superconducting gaps and coherence peaks of similar magnitude for both the topological surface states and bulk states. The ARPES spectral map as a function of temperature and film thickness up to 10 QLs reveals key characteristics relevant to the mechanism of coupling between the topological surface states and the superconducting Nb substrate; the effective coupling length is found to be much larger than the decay length of the topological surface states.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Zhang, Can ^[1];

^[2]; Tsuzuki, Akihiro ^[2];

^[2];

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

Publication Date:: 2018-04-27

Research Org.:: Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1499947

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46383; AC02-07CH11358

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Flötotto, David, Ota, Yuichi, Bai, Yang, Zhang, Can, Okazaki, Kozo, Tsuzuki, Akihiro, Hashimoto, Takahiro, Eckstein, James N., Shin, Shik, and Chiang, Tai-Chang. Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar7214.

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                    Flötotto, David, Ota, Yuichi, Bai, Yang, Zhang, Can, Okazaki, Kozo, Tsuzuki, Akihiro, Hashimoto, Takahiro, Eckstein, James N., Shin, Shik, & Chiang, Tai-Chang. Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar7214

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                    Flötotto, David, Ota, Yuichi, Bai, Yang, Zhang, Can, Okazaki, Kozo, Tsuzuki, Akihiro, Hashimoto, Takahiro, Eckstein, James N., Shin, Shik, and Chiang, Tai-Chang. Fri .  
"Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar7214.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1499947.

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@article{osti_1499947,

  title        = {Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium},

  author       = {Flötotto, David and Ota, Yuichi and Bai, Yang and Zhang, Can and Okazaki, Kozo and Tsuzuki, Akihiro and Hashimoto, Takahiro and Eckstein, James N. and Shin, Shik and Chiang, Tai-Chang},

  abstractNote = {A topological insulator film coupled to a simple isotropic s-wave superconductor substrate can foster helical pairing of the Dirac fermions associated with the topological surface states. Experimental realization of such a system is exceedingly difficult, however using a novel “flip-chip” technique, we have prepared single-crystalline Bi2Se3 films with predetermined thicknesses in terms of quintuple layers (QLs) on top of Nb substrates fresh from in situ cleavage. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of the film surface disclose superconducting gaps and coherence peaks of similar magnitude for both the topological surface states and bulk states. The ARPES spectral map as a function of temperature and film thickness up to 10 QLs reveals key characteristics relevant to the mechanism of coupling between the topological surface states and the superconducting Nb substrate; the effective coupling length is found to be much larger than the decay length of the topological surface states.},

  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aar7214},

  journal      = {Science Advances},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 4,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {4}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar7214

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Cited by: 29 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1.: Cleavage-based sample preparation and characterization. (A) Photo and schematic diagram of assembled Bi₂Se₃(0001)/Nb sample structure before cleavage. (B) Same sample structure after cleavage exposing a “fresh” surface of the Bi₂Se₃ film with a predetermined thickness of four QLs. (C) ARPES maps for samples with 4, 7, and 10more »

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Works referenced in this record:

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Conversion of a conventional superconductor into a topological superconductor by topological proximity effect
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Title: Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Induced spectral gap and pairing correlations from superconducting proximity effect journal, September 2016

Theoretical study of large proximity-induced s -wave-like pairing from a d -wave superconductor journal, January 2016

Evidence for excluding the possibility of d -wave superconducting-gap symmetry in Ba-doped KFe 2 As 2 journal, February 2014

Unconventional Superconductivity in the BiS 2 -Based Layered Superconductor NdO 0.71 F 0.29 BiS 2 journal, April 2017

Theory of bulk-surface coupling in topological insulator films journal, December 2014

Topological states in Bi 2 Se 3 surfaces created by cleavage within a quintuple layer: Analysis in terms of the Shockley criterion journal, March 2014

Fermi-level electronic structure of a topological-insulator/cuprate-superconductor based heterostructure in the superconducting proximity effect regime journal, August 2014

Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi2Se3 films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor journal, September 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials journal, March 2015

Momentum-space imaging of Cooper pairing in a half-Dirac-gas topological superconductor journal, November 2014

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 journal, January 2012

Emergent Space-Time Supersymmetry at the Boundary of a Topological Phase journal, April 2014

Pseudogap and proximity effect in the Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe interfacial superconductor journal, September 2016

Artificial Topological Superconductor by the Proximity Effect journal, May 2014

Hard gap in a normal layer coupled to a superconductor journal, July 2016

Control of intrinsic defects and magnetotransport properties of Bi2Se3/c-sapphire epitaxial heterostructures journal, August 2015

Enhanced Mobility of Spin-Helical Dirac Fermions in Disordered 3D Topological Insulators journal, October 2016

Proximity Effect From an Andreev Perspective journal, October 2004

Absence of a Proximity Effect for a Thin-Films of a Bi 2 Se 3 Topological Insulator Grown on Top of a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ Cuprate Superconductor journal, August 2014

Local density of states in a dirty normal metal connected to a superconductor journal, October 1996

Angle-resolved and core-level photoemission study of interfacing the topological insulator Bi 1.5 Sb 0.5 Te 1.7 Se 1.3 with Ag, Nb, and Fe journal, August 2015

Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator journal, March 2008

The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi 2 Se 3 Thin Films journal, March 2012

Crossover of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 to the two-dimensional limit journal, June 2010

Excitation spectrum of mesoscopic proximity structures journal, November 2000

Topological superconductors: a review journal, May 2017

Stability of the Bi 2 Se 3 (111) topological state: Electron-phonon and electron-defect scattering journal, June 2011

Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator journal, January 2009

Local density of states in a dirty normal metal connected to a superconductor text, January 1996

Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator text, January 2007

The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi2Se3 Thin Films text, January 2011

Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor text, January 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials text, January 2015

Angle-resolved and core-level photoemission study of interfacing the topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 with Ag, Nb and Fe text, January 2015

Hard gap in a normal layer coupled to a superconductor text, January 2016

Unconventional superconductivity in the BiS$_2$-based layered superconductor NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$ text, January 2017

Conversion of a conventional superconductor into a topological superconductor by topological proximity effect journal, January 2020

Conversion of a conventional superconductor into a topological superconductor by topological proximity effect text, January 2020

Induced spectral gap and pairing correlations from superconducting proximity effect
journal, September 2016

Theoretical study of large proximity-induced $s$ -wave-like pairing from a $d$ -wave superconductor
journal, January 2016

Evidence for excluding the possibility of $d$ -wave superconducting-gap symmetry in Ba-doped KFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, February 2014

Unconventional Superconductivity in the ${BiS}_{2}$ -Based Layered Superconductor ${NdO}_{0.71} F_{0.29} {BiS}_{2}$
journal, April 2017

Theory of bulk-surface coupling in topological insulator films
journal, December 2014

Topological states in ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Se}_{3}$ surfaces created by cleavage within a quintuple layer: Analysis in terms of the Shockley criterion
journal, March 2014

Fermi-level electronic structure of a topological-insulator/cuprate-superconductor based heterostructure in the superconducting proximity effect regime
journal, August 2014

Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi2Se3 films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor
journal, September 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials
journal, March 2015

Momentum-space imaging of Cooper pairing in a half-Dirac-gas topological superconductor
journal, November 2014

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3
journal, January 2012

Emergent Space-Time Supersymmetry at the Boundary of a Topological Phase
journal, April 2014

Pseudogap and proximity effect in the Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe interfacial superconductor
journal, September 2016

Artificial Topological Superconductor by the Proximity Effect
journal, May 2014

Hard gap in a normal layer coupled to a superconductor
journal, July 2016

Control of intrinsic defects and magnetotransport properties of Bi2Se3/c-sapphire epitaxial heterostructures
journal, August 2015

Enhanced Mobility of Spin-Helical Dirac Fermions in Disordered 3D Topological Insulators
journal, October 2016

Proximity Effect From an Andreev Perspective
journal, October 2004

Absence of a Proximity Effect for a Thin-Films of a ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Topological Insulator Grown on Top of a ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {CaCu}_{2} O_{8 + δ}$ Cuprate Superconductor
journal, August 2014

Local density of states in a dirty normal metal connected to a superconductor
journal, October 1996

Angle-resolved and core-level photoemission study of interfacing the topological insulator ${Bi}_{1.5} {Sb}_{0.5} {Te}_{1.7} {Se}_{1.3}$ with Ag, Nb, and Fe
journal, August 2015

Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, March 2008

The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi ₂ Se ₃ Thin Films
journal, March 2012

Crossover of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 to the two-dimensional limit
journal, June 2010

Excitation spectrum of mesoscopic proximity structures
journal, November 2000

Topological superconductors: a review
journal, May 2017

Stability of the ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ (111) topological state: Electron-phonon and electron-defect scattering
journal, June 2011

Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, January 2009

Local density of states in a dirty normal metal connected to a superconductor
text, January 1996

Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
text, January 2007

The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi2Se3 Thin Films
text, January 2011

Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor
text, January 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials
text, January 2015

Angle-resolved and core-level photoemission study of interfacing the topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 with Ag, Nb and Fe
text, January 2015

Hard gap in a normal layer coupled to a superconductor
text, January 2016

Unconventional superconductivity in the BiS$_2$-based layered superconductor NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$
text, January 2017

Conversion of a conventional superconductor into a topological superconductor by topological proximity effect
journal, January 2020

Conversion of a conventional superconductor into a topological superconductor by topological proximity effect
text, January 2020