Critical behavior within 20 fs drives the out-of-equilibrium laser-induced magnetic phase transition in nickel

Tengdin, Phoebe; You, Wenjing; Chen, Cong; Shi, Xun; Zusin, Dmitriy; Zhang, Yingchao; Gentry, Christian; Blonsky, Adam; Keller, Mark; Oppeneer, Peter M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Tao, Zhensheng; Murnane, Margaret M.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9744

Title: Critical behavior within 20 fs drives the out-of-equilibrium laser-induced magnetic phase transition in nickel

Journal Article · 02 March 2018 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9744 · OSTI ID:1499934

^[1];

^[1]; Zusin, Dmitriy ^[1];

^[1]; Gentry, Christian ^[1];

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^[1]; Murnane, Margaret M. ^[1]

University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)

It has long been known that ferromagnets undergo a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic at the Curie temperature, associated with critical phenomena such as a divergence in the heat capacity. A ferromagnet can also be transiently demagnetized by heating it with an ultrafast laser pulse. However, to date, the connection between out-of-equilibrium and equilibrium phase transitions, or how fast the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions can proceed, was not known. By combining time- and angle-resolved photoemission with time-resolved transverse magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopies, we show that the same critical behavior also governs the ultrafast magnetic phase transition in nickel. This is evidenced by several observations. First, we observe a divergence of the transient heat capacity of the electron spin system preceding material demagnetization. Second, when the electron temperature is transiently driven above the Curie temperature, we observe an extremely rapid change in the material response: The spin system absorbs sufficient energy within the first 20 fs to subsequently proceed through the phase transition, whereas demagnetization and the collapse of the exchange splitting occur on much longer, fluence-independent time scales of ~176 fs. Third, we find that the transient electron temperature alone dictates the magnetic response. Our results are important because they connect the out-of-equilibrium material behavior to the strongly coupled equilibrium behavior and uncover a new time scale in the process of ultrafast demagnetization.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0002002

OSTI ID:: 1499934

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1678729; OSTI ID: 1957811

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 3; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 87 works

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