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Title: Fast charge implications: Pack and cell analysis and comparison

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of 50-kW (about 2C) direct current fast charging on a full-size battery electric vehicle's battery pack in comparison to a pack exclusively charged at 3.3 kW, which is the common alternating current Level 2 charging power level. Comparable scaled charging protocols are also independently applied to individual cells at three different temperatures, 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C, to perform a comparative analysis with the packs. Dominant cell-level aging modes were identified through incremental capacity analysis and compared with full packs to gain a clear understanding of additional key factors that affect pack aging. While the cell-level study showed a minor impact on performance due to direct current fast charging, the packs showed a significantly higher rate of capacity fade under similar charging protocols. This indicates that pack-level aging cannot be directly extrapolated from cell evaluation. With this being said, delayed fast charging, completing shortly before discharge, was found to have less of an impact on battery degradation than conventional alternating current Level 2 charging

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]
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  1. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
OSTI Identifier:
1499640
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU-17-43278-Rev000
Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC07-05ID14517
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Power Sources
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 381; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 - ENERGY STORAGE; Lithium ion battery; Electric Drive Vehicles; AC Level 2 charging; Direct current fast charging; Battery state of health

Citation Formats

Tanim, Tanvir R., Shirk, Matthew G., Bewley, Randy L., Dufek, Eric J., and Liaw, Bor Yann. Fast charge implications: Pack and cell analysis and comparison. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.091.
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Tanim, Tanvir R., Shirk, Matthew G., Bewley, Randy L., Dufek, Eric J., & Liaw, Bor Yann. Fast charge implications: Pack and cell analysis and comparison. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.091
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Tanim, Tanvir R., Shirk, Matthew G., Bewley, Randy L., Dufek, Eric J., and Liaw, Bor Yann. Thu . "Fast charge implications: Pack and cell analysis and comparison". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.091. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1499640.
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@article{osti_1499640,
title = {Fast charge implications: Pack and cell analysis and comparison},
author = {Tanim, Tanvir R. and Shirk, Matthew G. and Bewley, Randy L. and Dufek, Eric J. and Liaw, Bor Yann},
abstractNote = {This study investigates the effect of 50-kW (about 2C) direct current fast charging on a full-size battery electric vehicle's battery pack in comparison to a pack exclusively charged at 3.3 kW, which is the common alternating current Level 2 charging power level. Comparable scaled charging protocols are also independently applied to individual cells at three different temperatures, 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C, to perform a comparative analysis with the packs. Dominant cell-level aging modes were identified through incremental capacity analysis and compared with full packs to gain a clear understanding of additional key factors that affect pack aging. While the cell-level study showed a minor impact on performance due to direct current fast charging, the packs showed a significantly higher rate of capacity fade under similar charging protocols. This indicates that pack-level aging cannot be directly extrapolated from cell evaluation. With this being said, delayed fast charging, completing shortly before discharge, was found to have less of an impact on battery degradation than conventional alternating current Level 2 charging},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.091},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = C,
volume = 381,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.091
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Cited by: 18 works
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Works referenced in this record:

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Electrochemical Quantification of Lithium Plating: Challenges and Considerations
    journal, January 2019

    • Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Dickerson, Charles C.
    • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1149/2.1581912jes

    Finding the ideal automotive battery concept: A model-based approach on cell selection, modularization and thermal management
    journal, May 2019

    Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles
    journal, June 2019

    • Zeng, Xiaoqiao; Li, Matthew; Abd El‐Hady, Deia
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 27
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900161

    Towards high rate Li metal anodes: enhanced performance at high current density in a superconcentrated ionic liquid
    journal, January 2020

    • Periyapperuma, Kalani; Arca, Elisabetta; Harvey, Steve
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta12004a

    Extreme Fast Charge Challenges for Lithium-Ion Battery: Variability and Positive Electrode Issues
    journal, January 2019

    • Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Evans, Michael
    • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1149/2.0731910jes

    Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorous as Anode Material: Review
    journal, October 2019

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