In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth

Dee, Nicholas T.; Bedewy, Mostafa; Rao, Abhinav; Beroz, Justin; Lee, Byeongdu; Meshot, Eric R.; Chazot, Cécile A.  C.; Kidambi, Piran R.; Zhao, Hangbo; Serbowicz, Thomas; Teichert, Kendall; Purohit, Prashant K.; Hart, A. John

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03627

Title: In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth

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Abstract

Ordered synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), involves competition between the growth kinetics of individual structures, their physical entanglement, and intermolecular forces that cause coupling of structures in close proximity. Specifically, CNT synthesis by chemical vapor deposition can directly produce films and fibers by providing CNT growth sites in close proximity such that the CNTs self-align into macroscopic assemblies. Because CNTs are mechanically coupled during these processes, the question arises as to whether or not mechanical forces intrinsic to the formation of CNT ensembles influence the growth kinetics and quality of CNTs, as can be expected from fundamental theories of mechanochemistry. Here, we study how mechanical forces influence CNT growth by applying controlled compression to CNT forests in situ; and relate the outcomes quantitatively to the CNT morphology and lengthening rate. We find that applied forces inhibit the self-organization of CNTs into a forest and accelerate the termination of collective growth. By correlating in situ kinetics measurements with spatial mapping of CNT orientation and density by X-ray scattering, we find that the average growth rate of individual CNTs is also mechanically modulated; specifically, a 100-fold increase in force causes a 4-fold decrease in average CNT lengthening rate.more »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Rao, Abhinav ^[1]; Beroz, Justin ^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Chazot, Cécile A. C. ^[1];

^[1]; Zhao, Hangbo ^[1]; Serbowicz, Thomas ^[4]; Teichert, Kendall ^[4]; Purohit, Prashant K. ^[5];

^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1498100

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; SC0010795

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Chemistry of Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 31; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; carbon nanotube; chemical vapor deposition; force; in situ; kinetics; mechanochemistry; synthesis

Citation Formats


                    Dee, Nicholas T., Bedewy, Mostafa, Rao, Abhinav, Beroz, Justin, Lee, Byeongdu, Meshot, Eric R., Chazot, Cécile A.  C., Kidambi, Piran R., Zhao, Hangbo, Serbowicz, Thomas, Teichert, Kendall, Purohit, Prashant K., and Hart, A. John. In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03627.

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                    Dee, Nicholas T., Bedewy, Mostafa, Rao, Abhinav, Beroz, Justin, Lee, Byeongdu, Meshot, Eric R., Chazot, Cécile A.  C., Kidambi, Piran R., Zhao, Hangbo, Serbowicz, Thomas, Teichert, Kendall, Purohit, Prashant K., & Hart, A. John. In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03627

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                    Dee, Nicholas T., Bedewy, Mostafa, Rao, Abhinav, Beroz, Justin, Lee, Byeongdu, Meshot, Eric R., Chazot, Cécile A.  C., Kidambi, Piran R., Zhao, Hangbo, Serbowicz, Thomas, Teichert, Kendall, Purohit, Prashant K., and Hart, A. John. Sat .  
"In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03627.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1498100.

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@article{osti_1498100,

  title        = {In Situ Mechanochemical Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth},

  author       = {Dee, Nicholas T. and Bedewy, Mostafa and Rao, Abhinav and Beroz, Justin and Lee, Byeongdu and Meshot, Eric R. and Chazot, Cécile A.  C. and Kidambi, Piran R. and Zhao, Hangbo and Serbowicz, Thomas and Teichert, Kendall and Purohit, Prashant K. and Hart, A. John},

  abstractNote = {Ordered synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), involves competition between the growth kinetics of individual structures, their physical entanglement, and intermolecular forces that cause coupling of structures in close proximity. Specifically, CNT synthesis by chemical vapor deposition can directly produce films and fibers by providing CNT growth sites in close proximity such that the CNTs self-align into macroscopic assemblies. Because CNTs are mechanically coupled during these processes, the question arises as to whether or not mechanical forces intrinsic to the formation of CNT ensembles influence the growth kinetics and quality of CNTs, as can be expected from fundamental theories of mechanochemistry. Here, we study how mechanical forces influence CNT growth by applying controlled compression to CNT forests in situ; and relate the outcomes quantitatively to the CNT morphology and lengthening rate. We find that applied forces inhibit the self-organization of CNTs into a forest and accelerate the termination of collective growth. By correlating in situ kinetics measurements with spatial mapping of CNT orientation and density by X-ray scattering, we find that the average growth rate of individual CNTs is also mechanically modulated; specifically, a 100-fold increase in force causes a 4-fold decrease in average CNT lengthening rate. Here, we attribute the slower growth kinetics to a stress-dependent increase of 0.02–0.16 eV in the effective activation energy for CNT growth. Via finite element modeling, we conclude that the force magnitudes that cause remodeling of the growing CNT network are less than the average strengths of adhesive contacts between CNTs. Last, we find that CNT growth rate and orientation can respond dynamically to changes in applied force, further demonstrating the mechanochemical nature of CNT growth and suggesting new approaches to control CNT quality and morphology in situ, with general application to other one-dimensional nanostructures.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03627},

  journal      = {Chemistry of Materials},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 31,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Sat Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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