Constraints on the Duty Cycles of Quasars at z ~ 6

Chen, Huanqing; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e8

Title: Constraints on the Duty Cycles of Quasars at z ~ 6

Journal Article · 30 November 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e8 · OSTI ID:1497715

^[1]; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. ^[2]

The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

We study the mass of quasar-hosting dark matter halos at z ~ 6 and further constrain the fraction of dark matter halos hosting active quasars f _on and the quasar opening angle i _max using observations of C ii lines in the literature. We make assumptions that (1) on average more massive halos host quasars with higher peak brightness, (2) cold gas in galaxies has rotational velocity V _circ = αV _max, where V _max is the maximum circular velocity of dark matter particles obtained from DM-only simulation and α ~ 1 is a free parameter, (3) a fraction f _on of the halos host active quasars with a certain opening angle i max, and that (4) quasars point randomly on the sky. We find that for a choice of specific α ≳ 1, the most likely solution has f _on < 0.01, corresponding to a small duty cycle of quasar activity. We also apply a bounded flat prior on α and marginalize over it, and we find the most likely f _on shift to 1 as the upper-boundary of α decreases below 1. Altogether, our constraints are highly sensitive to α and hence inconclusive. Stronger constraints on f _on can be made if we better understand the dynamics of cold gas in these galaxies.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1497715

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB--18-747-A; arXiv:1809.01545; 1722222

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 868; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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