Laboratory strains of Bacillus anthracis exhibit pervasive alteration in expression of proteins related to sporulation under laboratory conditions relative to genetically related wild strains

Leiser, Owen P.; Blackburn, Jason K.; Hadfield, Ted L.; Kreuzer, Helen W.; Wunschel, David S.; Bruckner-Lea, Cindy J.; Driks, Adam

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209120

Title: Laboratory strains of Bacillus anthracis exhibit pervasive alteration in expression of proteins related to sporulation under laboratory conditions relative to genetically related wild strains

Journal Article · 17 December 2018 · PLoS ONE

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209120 · OSTI ID:1497065

^[1]; Blackburn, Jason K. ^[2]; Hadfield, Ted L. ^[2]; Kreuzer, Helen W. ^[1]; Wunschel, David S. ^[1]; Bruckner-Lea, Cindy J. ^[1]; Driks, Adam ^[3]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Loyola Univ., Chicago, IL (United States)

The spore forming pathogen Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax in humans and animals. It cycles through infected hosts as vegetative cells and is eventually introduced into the environment where it generates an endospore resistant to many harsh conditions. The endospores are subsequently taken up by another host to begin the next cycle. Outbreaks of anthrax occur regularly worldwide in wildlife and livestock, and the potential for human infection exists whenever humans encounter infected animals. It is also possible to encounter intentional releases of anthrax spores, as was the case in October 2001. Consequently, it is important to be able to rapidly establish the provenance of infectious strains of B. anthracis. Here, we compare protein expression in seven low-passage wild isolates and four laboratory strains of B. anthracis grown under identical conditions using LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Of the 1,023 total identified proteins, 96 had significant abundance differences between wild and laboratory strains. Of those, 28 proteins directly related to sporulation were upregulated in wild isolates, with expression driven by Spo0A, CodY, and AbrB/ScoC. In addition, we observed evidence of changes in cell division and fatty acid biosynthesis between the two classes of strains, despite being grown under identical experimental conditions. These results suggest wild B. anthracis cells are more highly tuned to sporulate than their laboratory cousins, and this difference should be exploited as a method to differentiate between laboratory and low passage wild strains isolated during an anthrax outbreak. This knowledge should distinguish between intentional releases and exposure to strains in nature, providing a basis for the type of response by public health officials and investigators.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1497065

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-137549

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 12; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Distinct Mutational Patterns in Closely Related Laboratory and Naturally Propagated Francisella tularensis Strains Sjödin, Andreas; Svensson, Kerstin; Lindgren, Marie PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011556	journal	July 2010
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Protein abundances can distinguish between naturally-occurring and laboratory strains of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague Merkley, Eric D.; Sego, Landon H.; Lin, Andy PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183478	journal	August 2017
The positioning of the asymmetric septum during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis Barák, Imrich; Muchová, Katarína PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201979	journal	August 2018
Dances with Anthrax: Wolves ( Canis lupus ) Kill Anthrax Bacteremic Plains Bison ( Bison bison bison ) in Southwestern Montana Blackburn, Jason K.; Asher, Valpa; Stokke, Stephen Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-08-204	journal	April 2014

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Evaluation of Sporicidal Disinfectants for the Disinfection of Personal Protective Equipment During Biological Hazards Papp, Stefanie; Kimmerl, Katharina; Gatz, Jacob Health Security, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0128	journal	February 2020
Laboratory strains of Bacillus anthracis lose their ability to rapidly grow and sporulate compared to wildlife outbreak strains Norris, Michael H.; Zincke, Diansy; Leiser, Owen P. PLOS ONE, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228270	journal	January 2020