In-situ/operando X-ray characterization of metal hydrides

Liu, Yi-Sheng; Jeong, Sohee; White, James; Feng, Xuefei; Cho, Eun Seon; Stavila, Vitalie; Allendorf, Mark; Urban, Jeffrey; Guo, Jinghua

doi:10.1002/cphc.201801185

Title: In-situ/operando X-ray characterization of metal hydrides

Journal Article · 07 February 2019 · ChemPhysChem

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201801185 · OSTI ID:1496974

Liu, Yi-Sheng ^[1]; Jeong, Sohee ^[2]; White, James ^[3]; Feng, Xuefei ^[1]; Cho, Eun Seon ^[4]; Stavila, Vitalie ^[3]; Allendorf, Mark ^[3];

^[2]; Guo, Jinghua ^[5]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry; Korea Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, (South Korea). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source; Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Here in this article, the capabilities of soft and hard X-ray techniques, including X-ray absorption (XAS), soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their application to solid-state hydrogen storage materials are presented. These characterization tools are indispensable for interrogating hydrogen storage materials at the relevant length scales of fundamental interest, which range from the micron scale to nanometer dimensions.Since nanostructuring is now well established as an avenue to improve the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen release and uptake, due to properties such as reduced mean free paths of transport and increased surface-to-volume ratio, it becomes of critical importance to explicitly identify structure-property relationships on the nanometer scale. X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy are effective tools for probing size-, shape-, and structure-dependent material properties at the nanoscale. This article also discusses the recent development of in-situ soft X-ray spectroscopy cells, which enable investigation of critical solid/liquid or solid/gas interfaces under more practical conditions. These unique tools are providing a window into the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions and informing a quantitative understanding of the fundamental energetics of hydrogen storage processes at the microscopic level. In particular, in-situ soft X-ray spectroscopies can be utilized to probe the formation of intermediate species, byproducts, as well as the changes in morphology and effect of additives, which all can greatly affect the hydrogen storage capacity, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reversibility.A few examples using soft X-ray spectroscopies to study these materials are discussed to demonstrate how these powerful characterization tools could be helpful to further understand the hydrogen storage systems.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1496974

Report Number(s):: SAND--2019-1392J; SAND--2019-8426J; 672417

Journal Information:: ChemPhysChem, Journal Name: ChemPhysChem Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 20; ISSN 1439-4235

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc EuropeCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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