Nonlinearity in the Dark: Broadband Terahertz Generation with Extremely High Efficiency

Fang, Ming; Shen, Nian -Hai; Sha, Wei E. I.; Huang, Zhixiang; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027401

Title: Nonlinearity in the Dark: Broadband Terahertz Generation with Extremely High Efficiency

Journal Article · 18 January 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027401 · OSTI ID:1494937

Fang, Ming ^[1]; Shen, Nian -Hai ^[2]; Sha, Wei E. I. ^[3]; Huang, Zhixiang ^[4]; Koschny, Thomas ^[2]; Soukoulis, Costas M. ^[5]

Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Anhui Univ., Hefei (China)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China)
Anhui Univ., Hefei (China)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers (IESL), Crete (Greece)

Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces offer new opportunities in developing high performance terahertz emitters and detectors beyond the limitations of conventional nonlinear materials. However, simple meta-atoms for second-order nonlinear applications encounter fundamental trade-offs in the necessary symmetry breaking and local-field enhancement due to radiation damping that is inherent to the operating resonant mode and cannot be controlled separately. Here we present a novel concept that eliminates this restriction obstructing the improvement of terahertz generation efficiency in nonlinear metasurfaces based on metallic nanoresonators. This is achieved by combining a resonant dark-state metasurface, which locally drives nonlinear nanoresonators in the near field, with a specific spatial symmetry that enables destructive interference of the radiating linear moments of the nanoresonators, and perfect absorption via simultaneous electric and magnetic critical coupling of the pump radiation to the dark mode. Our proposal allows eliminating linear radiation damping, while maintaining constructive interference and effective radiation of the nonlinear components. We numerically demonstrate a giant second-order nonlinear susceptibility ~10^–11 m/V, a one order improvement compared with the previously reported split-ring-resonator metasurface, and correspondingly, a 2 orders of magnitude enhanced terahertz energy extraction should be expected with our configuration under the same conditions. Here, our study offers a paradigm of high efficiency tunable nonlinear metadevices and paves the way to revolutionary terahertz technologies and optoelectronic nanocircuitry.

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Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358

OSTI ID:: 1494937

Report Number(s):: IS-J--9877

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 122; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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