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Title: Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae)

Journal Article · · Molecular Genetics and Genomics
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States). Dept. of Biology
  2. Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY (United States). School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Horticulture Section
  3. HudsonAlpha Inst. of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  4. HudsonAlpha Inst. of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
  5. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  6. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Biosciences Division

Dioecy has evolved numerous times in plants, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are apparently rare. Sex determination has been studied in multiple Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) species, and P. trichocarpa has an XY sex determination system on chromosome 19, while S. suchowensis and S. viminalis have a ZW system on chromosome 15. Here in this paper, we use whole genome sequencing coupled with quantitative trait locus mapping and a genome-wide association study to characterize the genomic composition of the non-recombining portion of the sex determination region. We demonstrate that Salix purpurea also has a ZW system on chromosome 15. The sex determination region has reduced recombination, high structural polymorphism, an abundance of transposable elements, and contains genes that are involved in sex expression in other plants. We also show that chromosome 19 contains sex-associated markers in this S. purpurea assembly, along with other autosomes. This raises the intriguing possibility of a translocation of the sex determination region within the Salicaceae lineage, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of the Populus and Salix sex determination loci.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDA; National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1494877
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1619108
Journal Information:
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Journal Name: Molecular Genetics and Genomics Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 293; ISSN 1617-4615
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Genome assembly of the basket willow, Salix viminalis, reveals earliest stages of sex chromosome expansion text January 2020
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Genetic variation of biomass recalcitrance in a natural Salix viminalis (L.) population journal June 2019
Genome Wide Associations of Growth, Phenology, and Plasticity Traits in Willow [Salix viminalis (L.)] journal June 2019
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A willow sex chromosome reveals convergent evolution of complex palindromic repeats journal February 2020
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Additional file 3 of Repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willows dataset January 2022
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Additional file 2 of Repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willows dataset January 2022
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