Scouring meson decays for true muonium

Ji, Yao; Lamm, Henry

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.033008

Title: Scouring meson decays for true muonium

Abstract

Rare meson decay experiments promise to measure branching ratios as small as 10^–13. This presents an opportunity to discover the μ⁺μ^– bound state true muonium. We consider a set of possible channels, all with branching ratios above ~10^–11. For the electromagnetic decays η/η' → (μ⁺μ^–)γ, theoretical and phenomenological form factors F_η/η'γγ* (Q²) allow predictions of BR(η' → (μ⁺μ^–)γ) ~ 4.8 × 10¹⁰ and BR(η ' → (μ⁺μ^–)γ) ~ 3.7 × 10^–11 at the 5% level. Discussion of experimental prospects and potential backgrounds are made.

Authors:: Ji, Yao; Lamm, Henry

Publication Date:: 2019-02-15

Research Org.:: Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1494855

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1610227

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-93ER40762

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 99 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; astronomy & astrophysics; physics; electroweak radiative corrections; rare decays; muonic atoms & molecules; muons

Citation Formats


                    Ji, Yao, and Lamm, Henry. Scouring meson decays for true muonium.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.033008.

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                    Ji, Yao, & Lamm, Henry. Scouring meson decays for true muonium.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.033008

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                    Ji, Yao, and Lamm, Henry. Fri .  
"Scouring meson decays for true muonium".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.033008.

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@article{osti_1494855,

  title        = {Scouring meson decays for true muonium},

  author       = {Ji, Yao and Lamm, Henry},

  abstractNote = {Rare meson decay experiments promise to measure branching ratios as small as 10–13. This presents an opportunity to discover the μ+μ– bound state true muonium. We consider a set of possible channels, all with branching ratios above ~10–11. For the electromagnetic decays η/η' → (μ+μ–)γ, theoretical and phenomenological form factors Fη/η'γγ* (Q2) allow predictions of BR(η' → (μ+μ–)γ) ~ 4.8 × 1010 and BR(η ' → (μ+μ–)γ) ~ 3.7 × 10–11 at the 5% level. Discussion of experimental prospects and potential backgrounds are made.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.99.033008},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 99,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {2}

}

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FIG. 1: One of the Feynman diagrams of $η/η'$ → $γ*γ*$ → $(μ^+μ^−)γ$ which contribute to the branching ratio at $\mathcal{O}(α^5)$ and is proportional to $F_{γ*γ*} (z_1, z_2)$.

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Title: Scouring meson decays for true muonium

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Creation of relativistic fermionium in collisions of electrons with atoms journal, April 1987

Laser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium journal, August 2016

Vacuum-Polarization Corrections to the Hyperfine Structure of the μ + μ − Bound System journal, March 1972

Test of lepton flavor universality by the measurement of the B 0 → D * − τ + ν τ branching fraction using three-prong τ decays journal, April 2018

An overview of η and η′ decays at BESIII journal, April 2018

Production and discovery of true muonium in fixed-target experiments journal, November 2012

Measurement of the branching ratio of B ¯ → D ( * ) τ − ν ¯ τ relative to B ¯ → D ( * ) ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ decays with hadronic tagging at Belle journal, October 2015

Two-photon form factors of the π 0 , η , and η ′ mesons in the chiral theory with resonances journal, May 2012

Final report of the E821 muon anomalous magnetic moment measurement at BNL journal, April 2006

A measurement of the ?0, ? and ?? electromagnetic form factors journal, September 1991

Measurement of the Branching Ratio and Form Factor of K L → μ + μ − γ journal, July 2001

Test of Lepton Universality Using B + → K + ℓ + ℓ − Decays journal, October 2014

Evidence for an Excess of B ¯ → D ( * ) τ − ν ¯ τ Decays journal, September 2012

The Dalitz decay π0 → e + e – γ revisited journal, February 2006

Measurements of the Decay K L → e + e − γ journal, August 2007

Bound μ + μ − system journal, December 1997

Review of Particle Physics journal, August 2018

The Heavy Photon Search experiment at Jefferson Laboratory journal, November 2014

Electroweak corrections to the true muonium hyperfine splitting journal, April 2015

Erratum to: Dispersive analysis for $$\eta \rightarrow \gamma \gamma ^\star $$ η → γ γ ⋆ journal, June 2015

Measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model journal, April 2018

Hyperfine splitting in a true muonium to O ( m μ α 6 ) : Two-photon-annihilation contribution from other flavors journal, September 2016

Production of bound μ + μ − systems in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, December 1998

Anomalous decay and scattering processes of the $$\eta $$ η meson journal, June 2015

Dispersive analysis for η→γγ ⋆ journal, December 2013

Axial anomaly and vector meson dominance model journal, August 2014

Measurement of the branching ratio of B ¯ 0 → D * + τ − ν ¯ τ relative to B ¯ 0 → D * + ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ decays with a semileptonic tagging method journal, October 2016

New developments in FeynCalc 9.0 journal, October 2016

Feyn Calc - Computer-algebraic calculation of Feynman amplitudes journal, June 1991

Two-hadron saturation for the pseudoscalar–vector–vector correlator and phenomenological applications journal, December 2015

New Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment and the Fine Structure Constant journal, March 2008

Production of the Smallest QED Atom: True Muonium ( μ + μ − ) journal, May 2009

Inclusive radiative J / ψ decays journal, August 2008

Electromagnetic decays of light mesons journal, November 1985

On the decays B → K(⁎)+ leptonium journal, July 2018

Next-to-leading and higher order corrections to the decay rate of dimuonium journal, April 1998

Transition form factors in π 0 , η , and η ′ couplings to γ γ * journal, February 1992

The $$\eta $$ η transition form factor from space- and time-like experimental data journal, September 2015

Does a Heavy Positronium Atom Exist? journal, December 1975

Measurement of an excess of B ¯ → D ( * ) τ − ν ¯ τ decays and implications for charged Higgs bosons journal, October 2013

Measurement of the τ Lepton Polarization and R ( D * ) in the Decay B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ journal, May 2017

Prospects for an experiment to measure at the CERN SPS journal, January 2017

Applying Bayesian inference to Galileon solutions of the muon problem journal, December 2016

Proton Structure from the Measurement of 2S-2P Transition Frequencies of Muonic Hydrogen journal, January 2013

Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + τ − ν ¯ τ ) / B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + μ − ν ¯ μ ) journal, September 2015

Cancellation of the divergence of the wave function at the origin in leptonic decay rates journal, August 1987

Investigation of the electromagnetic structure of the η meson in the decay journal, August 1980

Measurement of the τ lepton polarization and R ( D * ) in the decay B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ with one-prong hadronic τ decays at Belle journal, January 2018

New determination of the η transition form factor in the Dalitz decay η → e + e − γ with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron journal, April 2014

High-statistics measurement of the η → 3 π 0 decay at the Mainz Microtron journal, June 2018

Predicting and Discovering True Muonium ( μ + μ − ) journal, January 2018

Discovering true muonium in K L → ( μ + μ − ) γ journal, September 2018

Production of the bound triplet μ + μ − system in collisions of electrons with atoms journal, August 2000

Radiative corrections to double-Dalitz decays revisited journal, March 2018

Internal demagnetizing factor of nickel as a function of temperature and alternating field direction journal, April 1972

Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + τ − ν ¯ τ ) / B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + μ − ν ¯ μ ) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 , 111803 (2015)] journal, October 2015

Hadronic vacuum polarization in true muonium journal, January 2017

Measurements of the meson-photon transition form factors of light pseudoscalar mesons at large momentum transfer journal, January 1998

Study of the η → e + e − γ Decay Using WASA-at-COSY Detector System journal, January 2012

Measurement of the Ratio of the B 0 → D * − τ + ν τ and B 0 → D * − μ + ν μ Branching Fractions Using Three-Prong τ -Lepton Decays journal, April 2018

DIRAC experiment at CERN journal, January 2012

Large-angle two-photon exclusive channels in quantum chromodynamics journal, October 1981

Discovering true muonium at LHCb journal, September 2019

Creation of relativistic fermionium in collisions of electrons with atoms
journal, April 1987

Laser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium
journal, August 2016

Vacuum-Polarization Corrections to the Hyperfine Structure of the $μ^{+} μ^{-}$ Bound System
journal, March 1972

Test of lepton flavor universality by the measurement of the $B^{0} \to {D^{*}}^{-} τ^{+} ν_{τ}$ branching fraction using three-prong $τ$ decays
journal, April 2018

An overview of η and η′ decays at BESIII
journal, April 2018

Production and discovery of true muonium in fixed-target experiments
journal, November 2012

Measurement of the branching ratio of $\bar{B} \to D^{()} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ relative to $\bar{B} \to D^{()} ℓ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{ℓ}$ decays with hadronic tagging at Belle
journal, October 2015

Two-photon form factors of the $π^{0}$ , $η$ , and $η^{'}$ mesons in the chiral theory with resonances
journal, May 2012

Final report of the E821 muon anomalous magnetic moment measurement at BNL
journal, April 2006

A measurement of the ?0, ? and ?? electromagnetic form factors
journal, September 1991

Measurement of the Branching Ratio and Form Factor of $K_{L} \to μ^{+} μ^{-} γ$
journal, July 2001

Test of Lepton Universality Using $B^{+} \to K^{+} ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ Decays
journal, October 2014

Evidence for an Excess of $\bar{B} \to D^{(*)} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ Decays
journal, September 2012

The Dalitz decay π0 → e + e – γ revisited
journal, February 2006

Measurements of the Decay $K_{L} \to e^{+} e^{-} γ$
journal, August 2007

Bound $μ^{+} μ^{-}$ system
journal, December 1997

Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2018

The Heavy Photon Search experiment at Jefferson Laboratory
journal, November 2014

Electroweak corrections to the true muonium hyperfine splitting
journal, April 2015

Erratum to: Dispersive analysis for $$\eta \rightarrow \gamma \gamma ^\star $$ η → γ γ ⋆
journal, June 2015

Measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model
journal, April 2018

Hyperfine splitting in a true muonium to $O (m_{μ} α^{6})$ : Two-photon-annihilation contribution from other flavors
journal, September 2016

Production of bound $μ^{+} μ^{-}$ systems in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, December 1998

Anomalous decay and scattering processes of the $$\eta $$ η meson
journal, June 2015

Dispersive analysis for η→γγ ⋆
journal, December 2013

Axial anomaly and vector meson dominance model
journal, August 2014

Measurement of the branching ratio of ${\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ relative to ${\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} ℓ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{ℓ}$ decays with a semileptonic tagging method
journal, October 2016

New developments in FeynCalc 9.0
journal, October 2016

Feyn Calc - Computer-algebraic calculation of Feynman amplitudes
journal, June 1991

Two-hadron saturation for the pseudoscalar–vector–vector correlator and phenomenological applications
journal, December 2015

New Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment and the Fine Structure Constant
journal, March 2008

Production of the Smallest QED Atom: True Muonium ( $μ^{+} μ^{-}$ )
journal, May 2009

Inclusive radiative $J / ψ$ decays
journal, August 2008

Electromagnetic decays of light mesons
journal, November 1985

On the decays B → K(⁎)+ leptonium
journal, July 2018

Next-to-leading and higher order corrections to the decay rate of dimuonium
journal, April 1998

Transition form factors in $π^{0}$ , $η$ , and $η^{'}$ couplings to $γ γ^{*}$
journal, February 1992

The $$\eta $$ η transition form factor from space- and time-like experimental data
journal, September 2015

Does a Heavy Positronium Atom Exist?
journal, December 1975

Measurement of an excess of $\bar{B} \to D^{(*)} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ decays and implications for charged Higgs bosons
journal, October 2013

Measurement of the $τ$ Lepton Polarization and $R (D^{})$ in the Decay $\bar{B} \to D^{} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$
journal, May 2017

Prospects for an experiment to measure at the CERN SPS
journal, January 2017

Applying Bayesian inference to Galileon solutions of the muon problem
journal, December 2016

Proton Structure from the Measurement of 2S-2P Transition Frequencies of Muonic Hydrogen
journal, January 2013

Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions $B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}) / B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} μ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{μ})$
journal, September 2015

Cancellation of the divergence of the wave function at the origin in leptonic decay rates
journal, August 1987

Investigation of the electromagnetic structure of the η meson in the decay
journal, August 1980

Measurement of the $τ$ lepton polarization and $R (D^{})$ in the decay $\bar{B} \to D^{} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ with one-prong hadronic $τ$ decays at Belle
journal, January 2018

New determination of the $η$ transition form factor in the Dalitz decay $η \to e^{+} e^{-} γ$ with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron
journal, April 2014

High-statistics measurement of the $η \to 3 π^{0}$ decay at the Mainz Microtron
journal, June 2018

Predicting and Discovering True Muonium ( μ ⁺ μ ⁻ )
journal, January 2018

Discovering true muonium in $K_{L} \to (μ^{+} μ^{-}) γ$
journal, September 2018

Production of the bound triplet $μ^{+} μ^{-}$ system in collisions of electrons with atoms
journal, August 2000

Radiative corrections to double-Dalitz decays revisited
journal, March 2018

Internal demagnetizing factor of nickel as a function of temperature and alternating field direction
journal, April 1972

Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions $B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}) / B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} μ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{μ})$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 , 111803 (2015)]
journal, October 2015

Hadronic vacuum polarization in true muonium
journal, January 2017

Measurements of the meson-photon transition form factors of light pseudoscalar mesons at large momentum transfer
journal, January 1998

Study of the η → e ⁺ e ⁻ γ Decay Using WASA-at-COSY Detector System
journal, January 2012

Measurement of the Ratio of the $B^{0} \to D^{* -} τ^{+} ν_{τ}$ and $B^{0} \to D^{* -} μ^{+} ν_{μ}$ Branching Fractions Using Three-Prong $τ$ -Lepton Decays
journal, April 2018

DIRAC experiment at CERN
journal, January 2012

Large-angle two-photon exclusive channels in quantum chromodynamics
journal, October 1981

Discovering true muonium at LHCb
journal, September 2019