Laying the Foundation for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Biodesign: Expression of the C4 Metabolism Cycle Genes of CAM in Arabidopsis

Lim, Sung Don; Lee, Sojeong; Choi, Won-Gyu; Yim, Won Cheol; Cushman, John C.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00101

Title: Laying the Foundation for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Biodesign: Expression of the C₄ Metabolism Cycle Genes of CAM in Arabidopsis

Journal Article · 11 February 2019 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00101 · OSTI ID:1494212

Lim, Sung Don ^[1]; Lee, Sojeong ^[1]; Choi, Won-Gyu ^[1]; Yim, Won Cheol ^[1]; Cushman, John C. ^[1]

Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that exploits a temporal CO₂ pump with nocturnal CO₂ uptake and concentration to reduce photorespiration, improve water-use efficiency (WUE), and optimize the adaptability of plants to hotter and drier climates. Introducing the CAM photosynthetic machinery into C₃ (or C₄) photosynthesis plants (CAM Biodesign) represents a potentially breakthrough strategy for improving WUE while maintaining high productivity. To optimize the success of CAM Biodesign approaches, the functional analysis of individual C₄ metabolism cycle genes is necessary to identify the essential genes for robust CAM pathway introduction. Here, we isolated and analyzed the subcellular localizations of 13 enzymes and regulatory proteins of the C₄ metabolism cycle of CAM from the common ice plant in stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana. Six components of the carboxylation module were analyzed including beta-carbonic anhydrase (McBCA2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (McPEPC1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (McPPCK1), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (McNAD-MDH1, McNAD-MDH2), and NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (McNADP-MDH1). In addition, seven components of the decarboxylation module were analyzed including NAD-dependent malic enzyme (McNAD-ME1, McNAD-ME2), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (McNADP-ME1, NADP-ME2), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (McPPDK), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase-regulatory protein (McPPDK-RP), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (McPEPCK). Ectopic overexpression of most C4-metabolism cycle components resulted in increased rosette diameter, leaf area, and leaf fresh weight of A. thaliana except for McNADP-MDH1, McPPDK-RP, and McPEPCK. Overexpression of most carboxylation module components resulted in increased stomatal conductance and dawn/dusk titratable acidity (TA) as an indirect measure of organic acid (mainly malate) accumulation in A. thaliana. In contrast, overexpression of the decarboxylating malic enzymes reduced stomatal conductance and TA. This comprehensive study provides fundamental insights into the relative functional contributions of each of the individual components of the core C₄-metabolism cycle of CAM and represents a critical first step in laying the foundation for CAM Biodesign.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008834

OSTI ID:: 1494212

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1611161

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 10; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 32 works

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Undervalued potential of crassulacean acid metabolism for current and future agricultural production Davis, Sarah C.; Simpson, June; Gil-Vega, Katia del Carmen Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 70, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz223	journal	June 2019

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Title: Laying the Foundation for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Biodesign: Expression of the C4 Metabolism Cycle Genes of CAM in Arabidopsis

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Title: Laying the Foundation for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Biodesign: Expression of the C₄ Metabolism Cycle Genes of CAM in Arabidopsis