Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes
Abstract
Lithium metal anodes can largely enhance the energy density of rechargeable batteries because of the high theoretical capacity and the high negative potential. However, the problem of lithium dendrite formation and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) during electrochemical cycling must be solved before lithium anodes can be widely deployed. Herein, a new atomic layer deposition (ALD) chemistry to realize the low-temperature synthesis of homogeneous and stoichiometric lithium fluoride (LiF) is reported, which then for the first time, as far as we know, is deposited directly onto lithium metal. The LiF preparation is performed at 150 degrees C yielding 0.8 angstrom/cycle. The LiF films are found to be crystalline, highly conformal, and stoichiometric with purity levels >99%. Nanoindentation measurements demonstrate the LiF achieving a shear modulus of 58 GPa, 7 times higher than the sufficient value to resist lithium dendrites. When used as the protective coating on lithium, it enables a stable Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.5% for over 170 cycles, about 4 times longer than that of bare lithium anodes. The remarkable battery performance is attributed to the nanosized LiF that serves two critical functions simultaneously: (1) the high dielectric value creates a uniform current distribution for excellent lithium stripping/platingmore »
- Authors:
-
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Bruker Nano Surfaces, San Jose, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Electrical Energy Storage (CEES); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1476140
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1493895
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; 1620901; AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 32; Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; atomic layer deposition; high shear modulus; lithium fluoride; lithium metal anode; new chemistry
Citation Formats
Chen, Lin, Chen, Kan -Sheng, Chen, Xinjie, Ramirez, Giovanni, Huang, Zhennan, Geise, Natalie R., Steinrück, Hans -Georg, Fisher, Brandon L., Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Toney, Michael F., Hersam, Mark C., and Elam, Jeffrey W. Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b04573.
Chen, Lin, Chen, Kan -Sheng, Chen, Xinjie, Ramirez, Giovanni, Huang, Zhennan, Geise, Natalie R., Steinrück, Hans -Georg, Fisher, Brandon L., Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Toney, Michael F., Hersam, Mark C., & Elam, Jeffrey W. Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b04573
Chen, Lin, Chen, Kan -Sheng, Chen, Xinjie, Ramirez, Giovanni, Huang, Zhennan, Geise, Natalie R., Steinrück, Hans -Georg, Fisher, Brandon L., Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Toney, Michael F., Hersam, Mark C., and Elam, Jeffrey W. Mon .
"Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b04573. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1476140.
@article{osti_1476140,
title = {Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes},
author = {Chen, Lin and Chen, Kan -Sheng and Chen, Xinjie and Ramirez, Giovanni and Huang, Zhennan and Geise, Natalie R. and Steinrück, Hans -Georg and Fisher, Brandon L. and Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza and Toney, Michael F. and Hersam, Mark C. and Elam, Jeffrey W.},
abstractNote = {Lithium metal anodes can largely enhance the energy density of rechargeable batteries because of the high theoretical capacity and the high negative potential. However, the problem of lithium dendrite formation and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) during electrochemical cycling must be solved before lithium anodes can be widely deployed. Herein, a new atomic layer deposition (ALD) chemistry to realize the low-temperature synthesis of homogeneous and stoichiometric lithium fluoride (LiF) is reported, which then for the first time, as far as we know, is deposited directly onto lithium metal. The LiF preparation is performed at 150 degrees C yielding 0.8 angstrom/cycle. The LiF films are found to be crystalline, highly conformal, and stoichiometric with purity levels >99%. Nanoindentation measurements demonstrate the LiF achieving a shear modulus of 58 GPa, 7 times higher than the sufficient value to resist lithium dendrites. When used as the protective coating on lithium, it enables a stable Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.5% for over 170 cycles, about 4 times longer than that of bare lithium anodes. The remarkable battery performance is attributed to the nanosized LiF that serves two critical functions simultaneously: (1) the high dielectric value creates a uniform current distribution for excellent lithium stripping/plating and ultrahigh mechanical strength to suppress lithium dendrites; (2) the great stability and electrolyte isolation by the pure LiF on lithium prevents parasitic reactions for a much improved CE. This new ALD chemistry for conformal LiF not only offers a promising avenue to implement lithium metal anodes for high-capacity batteries but also paves the way for future studies to investigate failure and evolution mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) using our LiF on anodes such as graphite, silicon, and lithium.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b04573},
journal = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
number = 32,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Mon Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Web of Science
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