The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect
Abstract
The Einstein-de Haas effect was originally observed in a landmark experiment demonstrating that the angular momentum associated with aligned electron spins in a ferromagnet can be converted to mechanical angular momentum by reversing the direction of magnetization using an external magnetic field. A related problem concerns the timescale of this angular momentum transfer. Experiments have established that intense photoexcitation in several metallic ferromagnets leads to a drop in magnetization on a timescale shorter than 100 femtoseconds—a phenomenon called ultrafast demagnetization. Although the microscopic mechanism for this process has been hotly debated, the key question of where the angular momentum goes on these femtosecond timescales remains unanswered. Here we use femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction to show that most of the angular momentum lost from the spin system upon laser-induced demagnetization of ferromagnetic iron is transferred to the lattice on sub-picosecond timescales, launching a transverse strain wave that propagates from the surface into the bulk. By fitting a simple model of the X-ray data to simulations and optical data, we estimate that the angular momentum transfer occurs on a timescale of 200 femtoseconds and corresponds to 80 per cent of the angular momentum that is lost from the spin system. Finally, ourmore »
- Authors:
-
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- Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.
- Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physics, Physics Dept.
- Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL
- Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Society, Berlin (Germany). Fritz Haber Inst.
- Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Inst. for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
- Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.; Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); European Commission (EC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1493329
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 565; Journal Issue: 7738; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Citation Formats
Dornes, C., Acremann, Y., Savoini, M., Kubli, M., Neugebauer, M. J., Abreu, E., Huber, L., Lantz, G., Vaz, C. A. F., Lemke, H., Bothschafter, E. M., Porer, M., Esposito, V., Rettig, L., Buzzi, M., Alberca, A., Windsor, Y. W., Beaud, P., Staub, U., Zhu, Diling, Song, Sanghoon, Glownia, J. M., and Johnson, S. L. The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7.
Dornes, C., Acremann, Y., Savoini, M., Kubli, M., Neugebauer, M. J., Abreu, E., Huber, L., Lantz, G., Vaz, C. A. F., Lemke, H., Bothschafter, E. M., Porer, M., Esposito, V., Rettig, L., Buzzi, M., Alberca, A., Windsor, Y. W., Beaud, P., Staub, U., Zhu, Diling, Song, Sanghoon, Glownia, J. M., & Johnson, S. L. The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7
Dornes, C., Acremann, Y., Savoini, M., Kubli, M., Neugebauer, M. J., Abreu, E., Huber, L., Lantz, G., Vaz, C. A. F., Lemke, H., Bothschafter, E. M., Porer, M., Esposito, V., Rettig, L., Buzzi, M., Alberca, A., Windsor, Y. W., Beaud, P., Staub, U., Zhu, Diling, Song, Sanghoon, Glownia, J. M., and Johnson, S. L. Tue .
"The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1493329.
@article{osti_1493329,
title = {The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect},
author = {Dornes, C. and Acremann, Y. and Savoini, M. and Kubli, M. and Neugebauer, M. J. and Abreu, E. and Huber, L. and Lantz, G. and Vaz, C. A. F. and Lemke, H. and Bothschafter, E. M. and Porer, M. and Esposito, V. and Rettig, L. and Buzzi, M. and Alberca, A. and Windsor, Y. W. and Beaud, P. and Staub, U. and Zhu, Diling and Song, Sanghoon and Glownia, J. M. and Johnson, S. L.},
abstractNote = {The Einstein-de Haas effect was originally observed in a landmark experiment demonstrating that the angular momentum associated with aligned electron spins in a ferromagnet can be converted to mechanical angular momentum by reversing the direction of magnetization using an external magnetic field. A related problem concerns the timescale of this angular momentum transfer. Experiments have established that intense photoexcitation in several metallic ferromagnets leads to a drop in magnetization on a timescale shorter than 100 femtoseconds—a phenomenon called ultrafast demagnetization. Although the microscopic mechanism for this process has been hotly debated, the key question of where the angular momentum goes on these femtosecond timescales remains unanswered. Here we use femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction to show that most of the angular momentum lost from the spin system upon laser-induced demagnetization of ferromagnetic iron is transferred to the lattice on sub-picosecond timescales, launching a transverse strain wave that propagates from the surface into the bulk. By fitting a simple model of the X-ray data to simulations and optical data, we estimate that the angular momentum transfer occurs on a timescale of 200 femtoseconds and corresponds to 80 per cent of the angular momentum that is lost from the spin system. Finally, our results show that interaction with the lattice has an essential role in the process of ultrafast demagnetization in this system.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7738,
volume = 565,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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