Apparent self-heating of individual upconverting nanoparticle thermometers

Pickel, Andrea D.; Teitelboim, Ayelet; Chan, Emory M.; Borys, Nicholas J.; Schuck, P. James; Dames, Chris

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07361-0

Title: Apparent self-heating of individual upconverting nanoparticle thermometers

Journal Article · 20 November 2018 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07361-0 · OSTI ID:1493268

Pickel, Andrea D. ^[1]; Teitelboim, Ayelet ^[2]; Chan, Emory M. ^[2]; Borys, Nicholas J. ^[2]; Schuck, P. James ^[3]; Dames, Chris ^[4]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry; Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry

Individual luminescent nanoparticles enable thermometry with sub-diffraction limited spatial resolution, but potential self-heating effects from high single-particle excitation intensities remain largely uninvestigated because thermal models predict negligible self-heating. Here, we report that the common "ratiometric" thermometry signal of individual NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ nanoparticles unexpectedly increases with excitation intensity, implying a temperature rise over 50 K if interpreted as thermal. Luminescence lifetime thermometry, which we demonstrate for the first time using individual NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ nanoparticles, indicates a similar temperature rise. To resolve this apparent contradiction between model and experiment, we systematically vary the nanoparticle's thermal environment: the substrate thermal conductivity, nanoparticle-substrate contact resistance, and nanoparticle size. The apparent self-heating remains unchanged, demonstrating that this effect is an artifact, not a real temperature rise. Using rate equation modeling, we show that this artifact results from increased radiative and non-radiative relaxation from higher-lying Er³⁺ energy levels. This study has important implications for single-particle thermometry.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22), Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (SC-22.2)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1493268

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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808 nm Light-Triggered Thermometer–Heater Upconverting Platform Based on Nd ³⁺ -Sensitized Yolk–Shell GdOF@SiO ₂ Suo, Hao; Zhao, Xiaoqi; Zhang, Zhiyu ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b12753	journal	December 2017
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Ultra-High Vacuum Scanning Thermal Microscopy for Nanometer Resolution Quantitative Thermometry Kim, Kyeongtae; Jeong, Wonho; Lee, Woochul ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 5, p. 4248-4257 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300774n	journal	May 2012
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Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature Wang, Xu-dong; Wolfbeis, Otto S.; Meier, Robert J. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 42, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60102a	journal	January 2013
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Scanning thermal imaging of microelectronic circuits with a fluorescent nanoprobe Aigouy, Lionel; Tessier, Gilles; Mortier, Michel Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2123384	journal	October 2005
Non-blinking and photostable upconverted luminescence from single lanthanide-doped nanocrystals Wu, S.; Han, G.; Milliron, D. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 27, p. 10917-10921 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904792106	journal	June 2009
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Energy Transfer and Cooperative Optical Transitions in Rare-Earth Doped Inorganic Materials. I. Transition Probability Calculation Kushida, Takashi Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 34, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.34.1318	journal	May 1973
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Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles Hao, Shuwei; Chen, Guanying; Yang, Chunhui Theranostics, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.5305	journal	January 2013

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Lay, Alice; Wang, Derek S.; Wisser, Michael D.; +5 more

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Title: Apparent self-heating of individual upconverting nanoparticle thermometers

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