Searching for states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601

Title: Searching for states analogous to the ${}^{12}C$ Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique

Abstract

Identification of α-cluster states analogous to the ${}_{12}C$ Hoyle state in heavier α-conjugate nuclei can provide tests of the existence of α condensates in nuclei. Such states are predicted for ${}_{16}O$ , ${}_{20}{Ne}$ , ${}_{24}{Mg}$ , ${}_{28}{Si}$ , etc., at excitation energies slightly above the multi- α-particle decay threshold but have not yet been experimentally identified. The thick target inverse kinematics (TTIK) technique can be used to study the breakup of excited self-conjugate nuclei into many α particles. The reaction ${}_{20}{Ne} + α$ was studied using a ${}_{20}{Ne}$ beam at 12 MeV/nucleon from the K150 cyclotron at Texas A&M University. The TTIK method was used to study both single α-particle emission and multiple α-particle decays. Events with α multiplicity up to four were analyzed. The analysis of the three α-particle emission data allowed the identification of the Hoyle state and other ${}_{12}C$ excited states decaying into three α particles. The results are shown and compared with other data available in the literature. Although the statistics for events with α-multiplicity four is low, the data show a structure at about 15.2 MeV that could indicate the existence in ${}_{16}O$ of a state analogous to the ${}_{12}C$ Hoyle state. Moreover, the reconstructed excitation energy of ${}_{24}{Mg}$ for these events peaks at around 34 MeV, very close to the predicted excitation energy for an excited state analogous to the ${}_{12}C$ Hoyle state in ${}_{24}{Mg}$ . The structure is further confirmed by the reanalysis of α-multiplicity-four events from a previous experiment performed at 9.7 MeV/nucleon with a similar, but lower granularity, experimental setup.

Authors:

Barbui, M. ^[1]; Hagel, K. ^[1]; Gauthier, J. ^[1]; Wuenschel, S. ^[1]; Wada, R. ^[1]; Goldberg, V. Z. ^[1]; deSouza, R. T. ^[2]; Hudan, S. ^[2]; Fang, D. ^[3]; Cao, X. -G. ^[4]; Natowitz, J. B. ^[1]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Cyclotron Inst.
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Applied Physics (SINAP)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Cyclotron Inst.; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Applied Physics (SINAP)

Publication Date:: 2018-10-02

Research Org.:: Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26); Robert A. Welch Foundation (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1491997

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1546138

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-93ER40773; A0330; FG03- 93ER40773

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 98; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; collective levels; nuclear reactions; nuclear structure & decays

Citation Formats


                    Barbui, M., Hagel, K., Gauthier, J., Wuenschel, S., Wada, R., Goldberg, V. Z., deSouza, R. T., Hudan, S., Fang, D., Cao, X. -G., and Natowitz, J. B. Searching for states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601.

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                    Barbui, M., Hagel, K., Gauthier, J., Wuenschel, S., Wada, R., Goldberg, V. Z., deSouza, R. T., Hudan, S., Fang, D., Cao, X. -G., & Natowitz, J. B. Searching for states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique.  United States.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601.

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                    Barbui, M., Hagel, K., Gauthier, J., Wuenschel, S., Wada, R., Goldberg, V. Z., deSouza, R. T., Hudan, S., Fang, D., Cao, X. -G., and Natowitz, J. B. Tue .  
        "Searching for states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique".  United States.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1491997.

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@article{osti_1491997,

  title        = {Searching for states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique},

  author       = {Barbui, M. and Hagel, K. and Gauthier, J. and Wuenschel, S. and Wada, R. and Goldberg, V. Z. and deSouza, R. T. and Hudan, S. and Fang, D. and Cao, X. -G. and Natowitz, J. B.},

  abstractNote = {Identification of α-cluster states analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in heavier α-conjugate nuclei can provide tests of the existence of α condensates in nuclei. Such states are predicted for O16, Ne20, Mg24, Si28, etc., at excitation energies slightly above the multi- α-particle decay threshold but have not yet been experimentally identified. The thick target inverse kinematics (TTIK) technique can be used to study the breakup of excited self-conjugate nuclei into many α particles. The reaction Ne20+α was studied using a Ne20 beam at 12 MeV/nucleon from the K150 cyclotron at Texas A&M University. The TTIK method was used to study both single α-particle emission and multiple α-particle decays. Events with α multiplicity up to four were analyzed. The analysis of the three α-particle emission data allowed the identification of the Hoyle state and other C12 excited states decaying into three α particles. The results are shown and compared with other data available in the literature. Although the statistics for events with α-multiplicity four is low, the data show a structure at about 15.2 MeV that could indicate the existence in O16 of a state analogous to the C12 Hoyle state. Moreover, the reconstructed excitation energy of Mg24 for these events peaks at around 34 MeV, very close to the predicted excitation energy for an excited state analogous to the C12 Hoyle state in Mg24. The structure is further confirmed by the reanalysis of α-multiplicity-four events from a previous experiment performed at 9.7 MeV/nucleon with a similar, but lower granularity, experimental setup.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 98,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {10}

}

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DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044601

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Title: Searching for states analogous to the C 12 Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique

Abstract

Citation Formats

Study of the cluster state at Ex=10.3 MeV in 12C journal, June 2004

Search for alpha inelastic condensed state in 24 Mg journal, April 2013

Precision measurement of the 9.641 MeV, 3 − state in 12 C journal, May 2013

Candidate for the 2 + excited Hoyle state at E x ∼ 10 MeV in 12 C journal, November 2011

Low-lying T = 2 states of 16O journal, March 1970

High-Precision Probe of the Fully Sequential Decay Width of the Hoyle State in C 12 journal, September 2017

Be 8 + Be 8 decay of excited states in O 16 journal, December 2004

Natural parity levels in O 16 journal, February 1982

Unambiguous Identification of the Second 2 + State in C 12 and the Structure of the Hoyle State journal, April 2013

Yield measurements for resonances above the multi- α threshold in 20 Ne journal, May 2013

Energy levels of 16O between 10.0 and 17.1 MeV excitation journal, January 1972

Alpha Cluster Condensation in C 12 and O 16 journal, October 2001

Event generator for nuclear collisions at intermediate energies journal, May 2004

New Measurement of the Direct 3 α Decay from the C 12 Hoyle State journal, September 2017

Breakup of C 12 resonances into three α particles journal, June 2010

Study of 12 C excited states decaying into three α particles using the thick target inverse kinematic technique journal, January 2016

The Systematic Structure-Change into the Molecule-like Structures in the Self-Conjugate $4n$ Nuclei journal, January 1968

Evidence for Triangular D 3 h Symmetry in C 12 journal, June 2014

Be 8 and α decay of O 16 journal, April 1995

Open problems in α particle condensation journal, March 2010

Energy levels of 16O near 15 MeV excitation from 15N + p reactions journal, January 1978

LISE++: Radioactive beam production with in-flight separators journal, October 2008

Investigation of the 4- α linear chain state in 16 O journal, December 2013

α-condensed state with a core nucleus journal, March 2007

Exploring the alpha cluster structure of nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique for multiple alpha decays journal, January 2014

Characterization of the proposed 4 − α cluster state candidate in O 16 journal, March 2017

Evidence for a new C 12 state at 13.3 MeV journal, March 2011

Investigation of 16O excited states via the 14N(3He, p) reaction journal, July 1978

Signatures for Multi- α -Condensed States journal, May 2006

Dilute multi- α cluster states in nuclei journal, February 2004

12 C + 12 C and 16 O + 8 Be decay of 24 Mg states excited in the 12 C ( 16 O , 24 Mg ) α reaction journal, March 1998

Mg 24 states observed via Ne 20 (α, α 0 ) 20 Ne journal, June 1991

α -Particle Condensation in O 16 Studied with a Full Four-Body Orthogonality Condition Model Calculation journal, August 2008

Breakup of O 16 into Be 8 + Be 8 journal, August 1967

Title: Searching for states analogous to the ${}^{12}C$ Hoyle state in heavier nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique

Study of the cluster state at Ex=10.3 MeV in 12C
journal, June 2004

Search for alpha inelastic condensed state in ²⁴ Mg
journal, April 2013

Precision measurement of the 9.641 MeV, 3 $^{-}$ state in $^{12}$ C
journal, May 2013

Candidate for the 2 $^{+}$ excited Hoyle state at $E_{x} \sim 10$ MeV in $^{12}$ C
journal, November 2011

Low-lying T = 2 states of 16O
journal, March 1970

High-Precision Probe of the Fully Sequential Decay Width of the Hoyle State in ${}^{12}C$
journal, September 2017

${}^{8}{Be} + {}^{8}{Be}$ decay of excited states in ${}^{16}O$
journal, December 2004

Natural parity levels in ${}^{16}O$
journal, February 1982

Unambiguous Identification of the Second $2^{+}$ State in ${}^{12}C$ and the Structure of the Hoyle State
journal, April 2013

Yield measurements for resonances above the multi- $α$ threshold in $^{20}$ Ne
journal, May 2013

Energy levels of 16O between 10.0 and 17.1 MeV excitation
journal, January 1972

Alpha Cluster Condensation in ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{16}O$
journal, October 2001

Event generator for nuclear collisions at intermediate energies
journal, May 2004

New Measurement of the Direct $3 α$ Decay from the ${}^{12}C$ Hoyle State
journal, September 2017

Breakup of ${}^{12}C$ resonances into three $α$ particles
journal, June 2010

Study of ¹² C excited states decaying into three α particles using the thick target inverse kinematic technique
journal, January 2016

The Systematic Structure-Change into the Molecule-like Structures in the Self-Conjugate $4n$ Nuclei
journal, January 1968

Evidence for Triangular $D_{3 h}$ Symmetry in ${}^{12}C$
journal, June 2014

${}^{8}{Be}$ and α decay of ${}^{16}O$
journal, April 1995

Open problems in α particle condensation
journal, March 2010

Energy levels of 16O near 15 MeV excitation from 15N + p reactions
journal, January 1978

LISE++: Radioactive beam production with in-flight separators
journal, October 2008

Investigation of the 4- $α$ linear chain state in $^{16}$ O
journal, December 2013

α-condensed state with a core nucleus
journal, March 2007

Exploring the alpha cluster structure of nuclei using the thick target inverse kinematics technique for multiple alpha decays
journal, January 2014

Characterization of the proposed $4 − α$ cluster state candidate in ${}^{16}O$
journal, March 2017

Evidence for a new ${}^{12}C$ state at 13.3 MeV
journal, March 2011

Investigation of 16O excited states via the 14N(3He, p) reaction
journal, July 1978

Signatures for Multi- $α$ -Condensed States
journal, May 2006

Dilute multi- $α$ cluster states in nuclei
journal, February 2004

$^{12} C +^{12} C$ and $^{16} {O +}^{8} Be$ decay of $^{24} Mg$ states excited in the $^{12} {C (}^{16} {O,}^{24} Mg) α$ reaction
journal, March 1998

${}^{24}{Mg}$ states observed via ${}^{20}{Ne}$ (α, $α_{0}$ $)^{20}$ Ne
journal, June 1991

$α$ -Particle Condensation in ${}^{16}O$ Studied with a Full Four-Body Orthogonality Condition Model Calculation
journal, August 2008

Breakup of $O^{16}$ into ${Be}^{8}$ + ${Be}^{8}$
journal, August 1967