Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study

Berkowitz, Carl M.; Shaw, William J.

doi:10.1029/97JD00417

Title: Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study

Abstract

We report that measurements of chemical and meteorological variables were made at several altitudes over a surface chemistry site near Nashville, Tennessee, during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study. The measurements were designed to reveal the effects of turbulent mixing on atmospheric chemistry. They were made under conditions of clear skies and light winds during the morning transition from nocturnal stable stratification to the afternoon convective mixed layer. Early morning ozone mixing ratios measured by the aircraft were ~70 parts per billion (ppb), while those measured by surface instrumentation were ~25 ppb. Corresponding to growth of the morning turbulent layer, surface ozone values steadily increase with time until they matched the 70 ppb values aloft by midmorning. The mixing ratios of isoprene at altitudes above the surface increased by several orders of magnitude with the onset of turbulence at each measurement altitude. The slope of O₃ as a function of NO_y for each of the flight legs was also sensitive to the presence of turbulence. Measurements from nonturbulent flight legs yielded slopes that were considerably steeper than those from measurements made in turbulence. Lastly, this study shows that the concentration of ozone precursors aloft is clearly dependent on the presence ofmore »« less

Authors:

Berkowitz, Carl M. ^[1]; Shaw, William J. ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1491163

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-27690
Journal ID: ISSN 0148-0227

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Geophysical Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 102; Journal Issue: D11; Journal ID: ISSN 0148-0227

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats


                    Berkowitz, Carl M., and Shaw, William J. Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study.  United States: N. p., 1997. 
Web.  doi:10.1029/97JD00417.

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                    Berkowitz, Carl M., & Shaw, William J. Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00417

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                    Berkowitz, Carl M., and Shaw, William J. Sun .  
"Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00417.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1491163.

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@article{osti_1491163,

  title        = {Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study},

  author       = {Berkowitz, Carl M. and Shaw, William J.},

  abstractNote = {We report that measurements of chemical and meteorological variables were made at several altitudes over a surface chemistry site near Nashville, Tennessee, during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study. The measurements were designed to reveal the effects of turbulent mixing on atmospheric chemistry. They were made under conditions of clear skies and light winds during the morning transition from nocturnal stable stratification to the afternoon convective mixed layer. Early morning ozone mixing ratios measured by the aircraft were ~70 parts per billion (ppb), while those measured by surface instrumentation were ~25 ppb. Corresponding to growth of the morning turbulent layer, surface ozone values steadily increase with time until they matched the 70 ppb values aloft by midmorning. The mixing ratios of isoprene at altitudes above the surface increased by several orders of magnitude with the onset of turbulence at each measurement altitude. The slope of O3 as a function of NOy for each of the flight legs was also sensitive to the presence of turbulence. Measurements from nonturbulent flight legs yielded slopes that were considerably steeper than those from measurements made in turbulence. Lastly, this study shows that the concentration of ozone precursors aloft is clearly dependent on the presence of turbulence, and turbulent mixing could explain the evolution of ozone concentrations at the surface. In general, conclusions regarding pollutant concentrations must account for both chemical and local dynamic processes.},

  doi          = {10.1029/97JD00417},

  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},

  number       = D11,

  volume       = 102,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997},

  month        = {Sun Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00417

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Cited by: 13 works

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Figure 1: Map of Nashville and environs showing the Dickson site over which the measurement presented in this paper were taken. (Figure based on information provided by Bill Parkhurst, Tennesse Valley Authority.)

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Title: Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Condensed atmospheric photooxidation mechanisms for isoprene journal, December 1996

A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions journal, January 1987

The reservoir of ozone in the boundary layer of the eastern United States and its potential impact on the global tropospheric ozone budget journal, January 1985

Development and evaluation of a detailed mechanism for the atmospheric reactions of isoprene and NOx journal, January 1996

Total reactive nitrogen (NO y ) as an indicator of the sensitivity of ozone to reductions in hydrocarbon and NO x emissions journal, January 1994

Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States journal, January 1994

On the relation between ozone storage in the residual layer and daily variation in near-surface ozone concentration ? A case study journal, May 1994

Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions journal, January 1987

Peroxy radical concentration and ozone formation rate at a rural site in the southeastern United States journal, January 1995

The use of NO y , H 2 O 2 , and HNO 3 as indicators for ozone-NO x -hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations journal, January 1995

Observations of depleted ozone within the boundary layer of the western North Atlantic journal, January 1995

Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence journal, October 1985

Correlation of ozone with NO y in photochemically aged air journal, February 1993

The current state and future direction of Eulerian models in simulating the tropospheric chemistry and transport of trace species: a review journal, January 1995

Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia: 2. Reactive nitrogen compounds journal, January 1992

Models and observations of the impact of natural hydrocarbons on rural ozone journal, October 1987

Peroxy radicals in the ROSE experiment: Measurement and theory journal, January 1992

Reactive nitrogen species in the troposphere: Measurements of NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , particulate nitrate, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), O 3 , and total reactive odd nitrogen (NO y ) at Niwot Ridge, Colorado journal, January 1986

O 3 and NO y relationships at a rural site journal, January 1994

Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere journal, January 1992

Photochemistry of ozone formation in Atlanta, GA-Models and measurements journal, November 1995

Ozone sources and transport in the northeastern United States journal, August 1979

Chemical and physical properties of plumes of anthropogenic pollutants transported over the North Atlantic during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment journal, December 1996

The role of biogenic hydrocarbons in urban photochemical smog: Atlanta as a case study journal, September 1988

Condensed atmospheric photooxidation mechanisms for isoprene
journal, December 1996

A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions
journal, January 1987

The reservoir of ozone in the boundary layer of the eastern United States and its potential impact on the global tropospheric ozone budget
journal, January 1985

Development and evaluation of a detailed mechanism for the atmospheric reactions of isoprene and NOx
journal, January 1996

Total reactive nitrogen (NO _y ) as an indicator of the sensitivity of ozone to reductions in hydrocarbon and NO _x emissions
journal, January 1994

Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States
journal, January 1994

On the relation between ozone storage in the residual layer and daily variation in near-surface ozone concentration ? A case study
journal, May 1994

Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions
journal, January 1987

Peroxy radical concentration and ozone formation rate at a rural site in the southeastern United States
journal, January 1995

The use of NO _y , H ₂ O ₂ , and HNO ₃ as indicators for ozone-NO _x -hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations
journal, January 1995

Observations of depleted ozone within the boundary layer of the western North Atlantic
journal, January 1995

Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
journal, October 1985

Correlation of ozone with NO _y in photochemically aged air
journal, February 1993

The current state and future direction of Eulerian models in simulating the tropospheric chemistry and transport of trace species: a review
journal, January 1995

Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia: 2. Reactive nitrogen compounds
journal, January 1992

Models and observations of the impact of natural hydrocarbons on rural ozone
journal, October 1987

Peroxy radicals in the ROSE experiment: Measurement and theory
journal, January 1992

Reactive nitrogen species in the troposphere: Measurements of NO, NO ₂ , HNO ₃ , particulate nitrate, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), O ₃ , and total reactive odd nitrogen (NO _y ) at Niwot Ridge, Colorado
journal, January 1986

O ₃ and NO _y relationships at a rural site
journal, January 1994

Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere
journal, January 1992

Photochemistry of ozone formation in Atlanta, GA-Models and measurements
journal, November 1995

Ozone sources and transport in the northeastern United States
journal, August 1979

Chemical and physical properties of plumes of anthropogenic pollutants transported over the North Atlantic during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment
journal, December 1996

The role of biogenic hydrocarbons in urban photochemical smog: Atlanta as a case study
journal, September 1988