Imaging Spatial Variations of Optical Bandgaps in Perovskite Solar Cells
Abstract
A fast, nondestructive, camera-based method to capture optical bandgap images of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with micrometer-scale spatial resolution is developed. This imaging technique utilizes well-defined and relatively symmetrical band-to-band luminescence spectra emitted from perovskite materials, whose spectral peak locations coincide with absorption thresholds and thus represent their optical bandgaps. The technique is employed to capture relative variations in optical bandgaps across various PSCs, and to resolve optical bandgap inhomogeneity within the same device due to material degradation and impurities. Degradation and impurities are found to both cause optical bandgap shifts inside the materials. The results are confirmed with micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy scans. The excellent agreement between the two techniques opens opportunities for this imaging concept to become a quantified, high spatial resolution, large-area characterization tool of PSCs. This development continues to strengthen the high value of luminescence imaging for the research and development of this photovoltaic technology.
- Authors:
-
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1491142
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1486892
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5K00-73074
Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; AC36‐08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: in press; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; bandgap; imaging; luminescence; perovskite; photovoltaic
Citation Formats
Chen, Boyi, Peng, Jun, Shen, Heping, Duong, The, Walter, Daniel, Johnston, Steve, Al‐Jassim, Mowafak M., Weber, Klaus J., White, Thomas P., Catchpole, Kylie R., Macdonald, Daniel, and Nguyen, Hieu T. Imaging Spatial Variations of Optical Bandgaps in Perovskite Solar Cells. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/aenm.201802790.
Chen, Boyi, Peng, Jun, Shen, Heping, Duong, The, Walter, Daniel, Johnston, Steve, Al‐Jassim, Mowafak M., Weber, Klaus J., White, Thomas P., Catchpole, Kylie R., Macdonald, Daniel, & Nguyen, Hieu T. Imaging Spatial Variations of Optical Bandgaps in Perovskite Solar Cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802790
Chen, Boyi, Peng, Jun, Shen, Heping, Duong, The, Walter, Daniel, Johnston, Steve, Al‐Jassim, Mowafak M., Weber, Klaus J., White, Thomas P., Catchpole, Kylie R., Macdonald, Daniel, and Nguyen, Hieu T. Fri .
"Imaging Spatial Variations of Optical Bandgaps in Perovskite Solar Cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802790. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1491142.
@article{osti_1491142,
title = {Imaging Spatial Variations of Optical Bandgaps in Perovskite Solar Cells},
author = {Chen, Boyi and Peng, Jun and Shen, Heping and Duong, The and Walter, Daniel and Johnston, Steve and Al‐Jassim, Mowafak M. and Weber, Klaus J. and White, Thomas P. and Catchpole, Kylie R. and Macdonald, Daniel and Nguyen, Hieu T.},
abstractNote = {A fast, nondestructive, camera-based method to capture optical bandgap images of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with micrometer-scale spatial resolution is developed. This imaging technique utilizes well-defined and relatively symmetrical band-to-band luminescence spectra emitted from perovskite materials, whose spectral peak locations coincide with absorption thresholds and thus represent their optical bandgaps. The technique is employed to capture relative variations in optical bandgaps across various PSCs, and to resolve optical bandgap inhomogeneity within the same device due to material degradation and impurities. Degradation and impurities are found to both cause optical bandgap shifts inside the materials. The results are confirmed with micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy scans. The excellent agreement between the two techniques opens opportunities for this imaging concept to become a quantified, high spatial resolution, large-area characterization tool of PSCs. This development continues to strengthen the high value of luminescence imaging for the research and development of this photovoltaic technology.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201802790},
journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
number = 4,
volume = in press,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Fri Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Lessons Learnt from Spatially Resolved Electro- and Photoluminescence Imaging: Interfacial Delamination in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Planar Perovskite Solar Cells upon Illumination
journal, December 2016
- Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi; Hameiri, Ziv; Meyer, Steffen
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 9
Transient Photovoltage in Perovskite Solar Cells: Interaction of Trap-Mediated Recombination and Migration of Multiple Ionic Species
journal, May 2018
- Walter, Daniel; Fell, Andreas; Wu, Yiliang
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 21
Temperature-Dependent Charge-Carrier Dynamics in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Thin Films
journal, September 2015
- Milot, Rebecca L.; Eperon, Giles E.; Snaith, Henry J.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 39
Reversible photo-induced trap formation in mixed-halide hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics
journal, January 2015
- Hoke, Eric T.; Slotcavage, Daniel J.; Dohner, Emma R.
- Chemical Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead halide perovskite
journal, January 2017
- Wang, Tianyi; Daiber, Benjamin; Frost, Jarvist M.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009
- Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051
Rubidium Multication Perovskite with Optimized Bandgap for Perovskite-Silicon Tandem with over 26% Efficiency
journal, April 2017
- Duong, The; Wu, YiLiang; Shen, Heping
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14
Consolidation of the optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystals
journal, September 2017
- Wenger, Bernard; Nayak, Pabitra K.; Wen, Xiaoming
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Outdoor photoluminescence imaging of photovoltaic modules with sunlight excitation
journal, September 2017
- Bhoopathy, Raghavi; Kunz, Oliver; Juhl, Mattias
- Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Methylammonium-free, high-performance, and stable perovskite solar cells on a planar architecture
journal, October 2018
- Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill; Hagfeldt, Anders; Saliba, Michael
- Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6413
Photovoltaic Switching Mechanism in Lateral Structure Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2015
- Yuan, Yongbo; Chae, Jungseok; Shao, Yuchuan
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 15
A Universal Double-Side Passivation for High Open-Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Solar Cells: Role of Carbonyl Groups in Poly(methyl methacrylate)
journal, September 2018
- Peng, Jun; Khan, Jafar I.; Liu, Wenzhu
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 30
Spectral and spatially resolved imaging of photoluminescence in multicrystalline silicon wafers
journal, July 2011
- Olsen, E.; Flø, A. S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 1
Investigating Internal Gettering of Iron at Grain Boundaries in Multicrystalline Silicon via Photoluminescence Imaging
journal, October 2012
- Liu, AnYao; Walter, Daniel; Phang, Sieu Pheng
- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 2, Issue 4
Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
journal, January 1966
- Tauc, J.; Grigorovici, R.; Vancu, A.
- physica status solidi (b), Vol. 15, Issue 2
Nondestructive Probing of Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Using Multiwavelength Photoluminescence Mapping
journal, July 2017
- Mundt, Laura E.; Heinz, Friedemann D.; Albrecht, Steve
- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Impact of Film Stoichiometry on the Ionization Energy and Electronic Structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskites
journal, November 2015
- Emara, Jennifer; Schnier, Tobias; Pourdavoud, Neda
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Compositional Engineering for Efficient Wide Band Gap Perovskites with Improved Stability to Photoinduced Phase Segregation
journal, January 2018
- Bush, Kevin A.; Frohna, Kyle; Prasanna, Rohit
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Visualization and suppression of interfacial recombination for high-efficiency large-area pin perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2018
- Stolterfoht, Martin; Wolff, Christian M.; Márquez, José A.
- Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 10
Predicting the Open-Circuit Voltage of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photovoltaic Quantum Efficiency Spectra: the Role of Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination
journal, September 2014
- Tress, Wolfgang; Marinova, Nevena; Inganäs, Olle
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Recombination Kinetics in Organic-Inorganic Perovskites: Excitons, Free Charge, and Subgap States
journal, September 2014
- Stranks, Samuel D.; Burlakov, Victor M.; Leijtens, Tomas
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Spatially resolved characterization of silicon as-cut wafers with photoluminescence imaging
journal, June 2009
- Giesecke, Johannes A.; The, Manuel; Kasemann, Martin
- Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 17, Issue 4
Evaluating the electrical properties of silicon wafer solar cells using hyperspectral imaging of luminescence
journal, November 2011
- Peloso, Matthew P.; Sern Lew, Jen; Trupke, Thorsten
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 22
Photoluminescence imaging of silicon wafers
journal, July 2006
- Trupke, T.; Bardos, R. A.; Schubert, M. C.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 4
Improved Reproducibility for Perovskite Solar Cells with 1 cm 2 Active Area by a Modified Two-Step Process
journal, February 2017
- Shen, Heping; Wu, Yiliang; Peng, Jun
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Efficient Indium-Doped TiO x Electron Transport Layers for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite-Silicon Tandems
journal, November 2016
- Peng, Jun; Duong, The; Zhou, Xianzhong
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Fractional deviations in precursor stoichiometry dictate the properties, performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices
journal, January 2018
- Fassl, Paul; Lami, Vincent; Bausch, Alexandra
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 12
A large area (70 cm 2 ) monolithic perovskite solar module with a high efficiency and stability
journal, January 2016
- Priyadarshi, Anish; Haur, Lew Jia; Murray, Paul
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 12
Photoluminescence Imaging of Silicon Wafers and Solar Cells With Spatially Inhomogeneous Illumination
journal, July 2017
- Zhu, Yan; Juhl, Mattias Klaus; Trupke, Thorsten
- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Can slow-moving ions explain hysteresis in the current–voltage curves of perovskite solar cells?
journal, January 2016
- Richardson, Giles; O'Kane, Simon E. J.; Niemann, Ralf G.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Photoluminescence study of time- and spatial-dependent light induced trap de-activation in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films
journal, January 2016
- Fu, Xiao; Jacobs, Daniel A.; Beck, Fiona J.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 32
Electro- and photoluminescence imaging as fast screening technique of the layer uniformity and device degradation in planar perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2016
- Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi; Tayebjee, Murad J. Y.; Meyer, Steffen
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 3
The chemical potential of radiation
journal, June 1982
- Wurfel, P.
- Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 18
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of crystalline semiconductors
journal, March 1997
- Gilliland, G. D.
- Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 18, Issue 3-6
Optical Properties of Photovoltaic Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites
journal, November 2015
- Green, Martin A.; Jiang, Yajie; Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 23
Characterization of solar cells using electroluminescence and photoluminescence hyperspectral images
journal, January 2012
- Delamarre, Amaury
- Journal of Photonics for Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Current Challenges and Prospective Research for Upscaling Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics
journal, February 2016
- Williams, Spencer T.; Rajagopal, Adharsh; Chueh, Chu-Chen
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Analysing the effect of crystal size and structure in highly efficient CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells by spatially resolved photo- and electroluminescence imaging
journal, January 2015
- Mastroianni, S.; Heinz, F. D.; Im, J. -H.
- Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 46
Light and Electrically Induced Phase Segregation and Its Impact on the Stability of Quadruple Cation High Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2017
- Duong, The; Mulmudi, Hemant Kumar; Wu, YiLiang
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 32
Interface passivation using ultrathin polymer–fullerene films for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis
journal, January 2017
- Peng, Jun; Wu, Yiliang; Ye, Wang
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Imaging Surface Recombination Velocities of Grain Boundaries in Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers via Photoluminescence
journal, December 2016
- Sio, Hang Cheong; Phang, Sieu Pheng; Macdonald, Daniel
- Solar RRL, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Impact of grain boundaries on efficiency and stability of organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites
journal, December 2017
- Chu, Zhaodong; Yang, Mengjin; Schulz, Philip
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Quality control of as-cut multicrystalline silicon wafers using photoluminescence imaging for solar cell production
journal, December 2010
- Haunschild, Jonas; Glatthaar, Markus; Demant, Matthias
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 94, Issue 12
Photoluminescence and electroluminescence imaging of perovskite solar cells: PL and EL imaging of perovskite
journal, November 2015
- Hameiri, Ziv; Mahboubi Soufiani, Arman; Juhl, Mattias K.
- Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 23, Issue 12
On the Use of Luminescence Intensity Images for Quantified Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Spatial Distribution of Series Resistance
journal, September 2017
- Walter, Daniel; Wu, Yiliang; Duong, The
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cells: Fully Ambient Roll Processing of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Printed Back Electrodes
journal, June 2015
- Schmidt, Thomas M.; Larsen-Olsen, Thue T.; Carlé, Jon E.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 15
Quantification of spatial inhomogeneity in perovskite solar cells by hyperspectral luminescence imaging
journal, January 2016
- El-Hajje, Gilbert; Momblona, Cristina; Gil-Escrig, Lidón
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Temperature-dependent excitonic photoluminescence of hybrid organometal halide perovskite films
journal, January 2014
- Wu, Kewei; Bera, Ashok; Ma, Chun
- Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 16, Issue 41
Luminescence Imaging Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Note on the Analysis and Reporting the Results
journal, January 2018
- Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi; Kim, Jincheol; Ho-Baillie, Anita
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Evolution of Photoluminescence, Raman, and Structure of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Microwires Under Humidity Exposure
journal, March 2018
- Segovia, Rubén; Qu, Geyang; Peng, Miao
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1
Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut
journal, February 2015
- Protesescu, Loredana; Yakunin, Sergii; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 6
Tuning the Light Emission Properties by Band Gap Engineering in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite
journal, December 2014
- D’Innocenzo, Valerio; Srimath Kandada, Ajay Ram; De Bastiani, Michele
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 51
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of crystalline semiconductors
journal, March 1997
- Gilliland, G.
- Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 18, Issue 3-6
Impact of Grain Boundaries on Efficiency and Stability of Organic-Inorganic Trihalide Perovskites
text, January 2016
- Chu, Zhaodong; Yang, Mengjin; Schulz, Philip
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Absorptivity: New Approach for Degradation Studies in Perovskite and Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
journal, December 2019
- Nguyen, Hieu T.; Gerritsen, Sven; Mahmud, Md Arafat
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Two‐terminal Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells with a high‐Bandgap Perovskite absorber enabling voltages over 1.8 V
journal, November 2019
- Bett, Alexander J.; Schulze, Patricia S. C.; Winkler, Kristina M.
- Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Heterogeneity at multiple length scales in halide perovskite semiconductors
journal, July 2019
- Tennyson, Elizabeth M.; Doherty, Tiarnan A. S.; Stranks, Samuel D.
- Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 9
Loss analysis in perovskite photovoltaic modules
text, January 2019
- Rakocevic, Lucija; Mundt, Laura; Gehlhaar, Robert
- Zenodo
Heterogeneity at multiple length scales in halide perovskite semiconductors
text, January 2019
- Tennyson, Beth; Doherty, Tas; Stranks, Samuel
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Loss analysis in perovskite photovoltaic modules
text, January 2019
- Rakocevic, Lucija; Mundt, Laura; Gehlhaar, Robert
- Zenodo
Loss Analysis in Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules
journal, September 2019
- Rakocevic, Lucija; Mundt, Laura E.; Gehlhaar, Robert
- Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 12