Deciphering the Cathode-Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry in Sodium Layered Cathode Materials

Mu, Linqin; Feng, Xu; Kou, Ronghui; Zhang, Yan; Guo, Hao; Tian, Chixia; Sun, Cheng -Jun; Du, Xi -Wen; Nordlund, Dennis; Xin, Huolin L.; Lin, Feng

doi:10.1002/aenm.201801975

Title: Deciphering the Cathode-Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry in Sodium Layered Cathode Materials

Journal Article · 29 October 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801975 · OSTI ID:1490880

Mu, Linqin ^[1]; Feng, Xu ^[1]; Kou, Ronghui ^[2]; Zhang, Yan ^[3]; Guo, Hao ^[4]; Tian, Chixia ^[1]; Sun, Cheng -Jun ^[2]; Du, Xi -Wen ^[5]; Nordlund, Dennis ^[6]; Xin, Huolin L. ^[7];

^[1]

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Tianjin Univ., Tianjin (China); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing (China)
Tianjin Univ., Tianjin (China)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

The ever–increasing demand for stationary energy storage has driven the prosperous investigation of low–cost sodium ion batteries. The inferior long–term cycling stability of cathode materials is a significant roadblock toward the wide commercialization of sodium ion batteries. This study enlightens a path toward empowering stable sodium ion batteries through incisive diagnostics of the multiscale surface chemical processes in layered oxide materials (e.g., O3–NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂). The major challenges are unraveled in a promising sodium layered cathode material using a range of complementary advanced spectroscopic and imaging diagnostic techniques. It is discovered that the cathode–electrolyte interfacial reaction triggers transition metal reduction, heterogeneous surface reconstruction, metal dissolution, and formation of intragranular nanocracks. These surface chemistry driven processes are partly responsible for significant performance decay. This diagnostic study also rationalizes the elemental substitution and surface passivation methods that are widely applied in the field. The prepassivated and Ti–substituted cathode materials allow for significantly improved cycling stability by inhibiting the metal dissolution. Furthermore, incisively diagnosing the interfacial chemistry not only creates scientific insights into understanding sodium cathode chemistry, but also represents an advance toward establishing universal interfacial design principles for all alkali metal ion cathode materials.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Canadian Light Source, Inc.; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1490880

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 34 Vol. 8; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Understanding Challenges of Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries using Synchrotron‐Based X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Chen, Mingzhe; Chou, Shu‐Lei; Dou, Shi‐Xue Batteries & Supercaps, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.201900054	journal	July 2019
Water-Processable P2-Na _0.67 Ni _0.22 Cu _0.11 Mn _0.56 Ti _0.11 O ₂ Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries Mu, Linqin; Hou, Qingping; Yang, Zhenzhong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0881902jes	journal	January 2019

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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heterogeneous reconstruction
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nanocrack
sodium batteries

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