Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Fabrication of low-cost, large-area prototype Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS experiment

Abstract

A Si(Li) detector fabrication procedure has been developed with the aim of satisfying the unique requirements of the GAPS (General Antiparticle Spectrometer) experiment. Si(Li) detectors are particularly well-suited to the GAPS detection scheme, in which several planes of detectors act as the target to slow and capture an incoming antiparticle into an exotic atom, as well as the spectrometer and tracker to measure the resulting decay X-rays and annihilation products. These detectors must provide the absorption depth, energy resolution, tracking efficiency, and active area necessary for this technique, all within the significant temperature, power, and cost constraints of an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight. We report here on the fabrication and performance of prototype 2"-diameter, 1–1.25 mm-thick, single-strip Si(Li) detectors that provide the necessary X-ray energy resolution of ~4 keV for a cost per unit area that is far below that of previously-acquired commercial detectors. Lastly, this fabrication procedure is currently being optimized for the 4"-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick, multi-strip geometry that will be used for the GAPS flight detectors.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [5];  [3];  [5]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  4. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara (Japan). Inst. of Space and Astronautical Science
  5. Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1490683
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; NNX17AB44G; JP26707015; JP17H01136; 1122374
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 905; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Dark matter; Antiparticle; Antideuteron; Antiproton; Si(Li); GAPS

Citation Formats

Perez, Kerstin, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Hailey, Charles J., Carr, Rachel, Erjavec, Tyler, Fuke, Hideyuki, Garvin, Amani, Harper, Cassia, Kewley, Glenn, Madden, Norman, Mechbal, Sarah, Rogers, Field, Saffold, Nathan, Tajiri, Gordon, Tokuda, Katsuhiko, Williams, Jason, and Yamada, Minoru. Fabrication of low-cost, large-area prototype Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS experiment. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.024.
Copy to clipboard
Perez, Kerstin, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Hailey, Charles J., Carr, Rachel, Erjavec, Tyler, Fuke, Hideyuki, Garvin, Amani, Harper, Cassia, Kewley, Glenn, Madden, Norman, Mechbal, Sarah, Rogers, Field, Saffold, Nathan, Tajiri, Gordon, Tokuda, Katsuhiko, Williams, Jason, & Yamada, Minoru. Fabrication of low-cost, large-area prototype Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS experiment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.024
Copy to clipboard
Perez, Kerstin, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Hailey, Charles J., Carr, Rachel, Erjavec, Tyler, Fuke, Hideyuki, Garvin, Amani, Harper, Cassia, Kewley, Glenn, Madden, Norman, Mechbal, Sarah, Rogers, Field, Saffold, Nathan, Tajiri, Gordon, Tokuda, Katsuhiko, Williams, Jason, and Yamada, Minoru. Thu . "Fabrication of low-cost, large-area prototype Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS experiment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.024. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1490683.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1490683,
title = {Fabrication of low-cost, large-area prototype Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS experiment},
author = {Perez, Kerstin and Aramaki, Tsuguo and Hailey, Charles J. and Carr, Rachel and Erjavec, Tyler and Fuke, Hideyuki and Garvin, Amani and Harper, Cassia and Kewley, Glenn and Madden, Norman and Mechbal, Sarah and Rogers, Field and Saffold, Nathan and Tajiri, Gordon and Tokuda, Katsuhiko and Williams, Jason and Yamada, Minoru},
abstractNote = {A Si(Li) detector fabrication procedure has been developed with the aim of satisfying the unique requirements of the GAPS (General Antiparticle Spectrometer) experiment. Si(Li) detectors are particularly well-suited to the GAPS detection scheme, in which several planes of detectors act as the target to slow and capture an incoming antiparticle into an exotic atom, as well as the spectrometer and tracker to measure the resulting decay X-rays and annihilation products. These detectors must provide the absorption depth, energy resolution, tracking efficiency, and active area necessary for this technique, all within the significant temperature, power, and cost constraints of an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight. We report here on the fabrication and performance of prototype 2"-diameter, 1–1.25 mm-thick, single-strip Si(Li) detectors that provide the necessary X-ray energy resolution of ~4 keV for a cost per unit area that is far below that of previously-acquired commercial detectors. Lastly, this fabrication procedure is currently being optimized for the 4"-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick, multi-strip geometry that will be used for the GAPS flight detectors.},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.024},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 905,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {7}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.024
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Prototype 2′′-diameter, 1.25 mm-thick detector with 1.25′′-diameter active area, mounted with a custom charge-sensitive preamplifier.
All figures and tables (12 total)
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Ion Drift in an n‐p Junction
journal, February 1960

Compton imager using room temperature silicon detectors
journal, August 2007

  • Kurfess, James D.; Novikova, Elena I.; Phlips, Bernard F.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 579, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.077

Characterisation of a Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detector
journal, October 2013

  • Harkness, L. J.; Judson, D. S.; Boston, A. J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 726
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.143

Thick Si(Li) coaxial detectors for registration of intermediate energy heavy ions
journal, November 2008

  • Popeko, L. A.; Kotina, I. M.; Shishkina, G. A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 596, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.148

Semiconductor detector performance for low-energy X-rays
journal, April 1988

  • Jaklevic, J. M.; Walton, J. T.; McMurray, R. E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 266, Issue 1-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(88)90451-2

Fabrication methods for lithium drifted surface barrier silicon detectors
journal, March 1966

Circular position sensitive Si(Li) detector with large area and its application as cosmic ray isotope identifier
journal, December 1975

Characteristics of a large-area lithium-ion-drifted silicon semiconductor detector
journal, December 1975

A Thick and Large Active Area Si(Li) Detector
journal, February 1988

  • Miyachi, Takashi; Ohkawa, Shoichi; Emura, Tsuneo
  • Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 27, Issue Part 1, No. 2
  • DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.27.307

The development of an array of cooled large area Si(Li) detectors
journal, August 1986

  • Pehl, R. H.; Madden, N. W.; Walton, J. T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 248, Issue 2-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(86)91043-0

Characterization of large diameter silicon by low-bias charge collection analysis in Si(Li) pin diodes
journal, August 1982

  • Fong, Abraham; Walton, Jack T.; Haller, Eugene E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Vol. 199, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(82)90164-8

An indirect search for dark matter using antideuterons: the GAPS experiment
journal, October 2009

Antideuteron based dark matter search with GAPS: Current progress and future prospects
journal, January 2013

Antideuteron sensitivity for the GAPS experiment
journal, February 2016

The flight of the GAPS prototype experiment
journal, February 2014

The prototype GAPS (pGAPS) experiment
journal, January 2014

  • Mognet, S. A. I.; Aramaki, T.; Bando, N.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 735
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.030

The pGAPS experiment: An engineering balloon flight of prototype GAPS
journal, May 2014

Development of large format Si(Li) detectors for the GAPS dark matter experiment
journal, August 2012

  • Aramaki, T.; Chan, S. K.; Hailey, C. J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 682
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.054

A measurement of atomic X-ray yields in exotic atoms and implications for an antideuteron-based dark matter search
journal, September 2013

Geometric Control of Surface Leakage Current and Noise in Lithium Drifted Silicon Radiation Detectors
journal, January 1966

The manufacture of thick lithium-drifted silicon detectors
journal, January 1967

Lithium‐ion mobility improvement in floating‐zone silicon by external gettering
journal, July 1993

  • Walton, J. T.; Derhacobian, N.; Wong, Y. K.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.110037

A Two-Dimensional Position Sensitive Si(Li) Detector
journal, February 1979

  • Walton, Jack T.; Hubbard, G. Scott; Haller, Eugene E.
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 26, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1109/TNS.1979.4329654

Large-volume Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors for Compton-effect-based instruments
journal, December 2005

  • Protic, D.; Hull, E. L.; Krings, T.
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 52, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2005.862930

Computer controlled drifting of Si(Li) detectors
journal, February 1989

  • Landis, D. A.; Wong, Y. K.; Walton, J. T.
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 36, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1109/23.34431

Study of lithium behaviour in Si(Li) detectors
journal, June 2006

The theory of compensation in lithium drifted semiconductor detectors
journal, November 1969

Development of transmission si(li) detectors
journal, August 2003

Study of Surface Effects in Thick Lithium Drifted Silicon Radiation Detectors
journal, January 1964

Location of p-n and l-h junctions in semiconductors
journal, May 1960

Properties of silicon-metal contacts versus metal work-function, silicon impurity concentration and bias voltage
journal, January 1976

Surface passivated Si(Li) detectors for an X-ray detector array
journal, December 1994

  • Jantunen, M.; Audet, S. A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 353, Issue 1-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91609-8
    Sort by:
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Figures / Tables found in this record:

    Figure 1 (p. 2)figure
    Figure 2 (p. 4)figure
    Table 1 (p. 4)table
    Figure 3 (p. 5)figure
    Figure 4 (p. 6)figure
    Figure 5 (p. 8)figure
    Figure 6 (p. 8)figure
    Figure 7 (p. 9)figure
    Figure 8 (p. 9)figure
    Figure 9 (p. 9)figure
    Figure 10 (p. 10)figure
    Figure 11 (p. 10)figure
      [ × clear filter / sort ]
      Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

      Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections: