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Title: A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension

Abstract

In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Ginzton Lab.
  4. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Ginzton Lab. Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1490441
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; FA9550-17-1-0002; CBET-1641069
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, and Fan, Shanhui. A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2774.
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Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, & Fan, Shanhui. A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension. United States. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2774.
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Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, and Fan, Shanhui. Fri . "A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension". United States. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2774. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1490441.
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@article{osti_1490441,
title = {A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension},
author = {Lin, Qian and Sun, Xiao-Qi and Xiao, Meng and Zhang, Shou-Cheng and Fan, Shanhui},
abstractNote = {In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aat2774},
journal = {Science Advances},
number = 10,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {10}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
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DOI:  10.1126/sciadv.aat2774
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Cited by: 8 works
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: 3D topological insulator and screw dislocation. (A) 3D lattice formed by stacking layers of 2D QSH states. The set of discrete resonances of a ring forms a lattice in the synthetic frequency dimension. (B) Microring array implementing (A). Orange and gray rings are site and link rings withmore » the same free spectral range Ω. The link rings providing coupling along the y direction are spatially shifted along the x direction to provide directional coupling phases that implement the Landau gauge. (C and D) Screw dislocations with Burgers vectors B = (0, 0, −1) and B = (0, 0, −2), respectively. One-way topological states spatially localized around the dislocation flow along the synthetic frequency dimension. (E) Microring array implementing (C) and (D). Orange and blue rings are site rings with the same resonant frequency but different resonant wave vectors. Gray rings are static link rings providing intralayer couplings. Black rings are dynamic link rings whose refractive index is modulated at a frequency equal to the free spectral range Ω. They couple a resonant mode at frequency ω0 in the blue ring to a resonant mode at frequency ω0 + Ω in the orange ring, forming the interlayer links shown in (C) and (D).« less
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