What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers
Abstract
This paper presents a practical model for evaluating polymer feedstock materials as candidates for 3D printing across a variety of extrusion-based platforms. In order for a material to be successfully utilized for 3D printing operations, a series of fundamental conditions must be met. First, pressure-driven extrusion must occur through a given diameter nozzle at a specified flow rate. Second, the extruded material must form and sustain the desired shape. Third, the extruded structure must be able to bridge a specified gap and serve as a mechanically sound foundation for successive deposits. Finally, the deposited structure must be dimensionally stable during the transition to the final state (i.e. fully cured at room temperature). This article presents a framework for extrusion-based printing and a simple viscoelastic model for each of these conditions based on the rheological and thermo-physical properties of the candidate material and the processing parameters of the extrusion-based deposition platform. The model is demonstrated to be a useful tool for the evaluation of example test cases including: high temperature thermoplastics (polyphenylsulfone), fiber reinforced thermoplastics (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), low-viscosity thermosets (epoxy resins), and thermoplastics with a high coefficient of thermal expansion (polypropylene).
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[3];
[3];
[4]
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility; Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1488709
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1637097
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Manufacturing Processes
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 35; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1526-6125
- Publisher:
- Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 3D printing; Extrusion; Fused filament fabrication (FFF); Thermoplastic polymers; Viscoelastic model
Citation Formats
Duty, Chad E., Ajinjeru, Christine, Kishore, Vidya, Compton, Brett G., Hmeidat, Nadim, Chen, Xun, Liu, Peng, Hassen, Ahmed A., Lindahl, John M., and Kunc, Vlastimil. What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.008.
Duty, Chad E., Ajinjeru, Christine, Kishore, Vidya, Compton, Brett G., Hmeidat, Nadim, Chen, Xun, Liu, Peng, Hassen, Ahmed A., Lindahl, John M., & Kunc, Vlastimil. What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.008
Duty, Chad E., Ajinjeru, Christine, Kishore, Vidya, Compton, Brett G., Hmeidat, Nadim, Chen, Xun, Liu, Peng, Hassen, Ahmed A., Lindahl, John M., and Kunc, Vlastimil. Thu .
"What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.008. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1488709.
@article{osti_1488709,
title = {What makes a material printable? A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers},
author = {Duty, Chad E. and Ajinjeru, Christine and Kishore, Vidya and Compton, Brett G. and Hmeidat, Nadim and Chen, Xun and Liu, Peng and Hassen, Ahmed A. and Lindahl, John M. and Kunc, Vlastimil},
abstractNote = {This paper presents a practical model for evaluating polymer feedstock materials as candidates for 3D printing across a variety of extrusion-based platforms. In order for a material to be successfully utilized for 3D printing operations, a series of fundamental conditions must be met. First, pressure-driven extrusion must occur through a given diameter nozzle at a specified flow rate. Second, the extruded material must form and sustain the desired shape. Third, the extruded structure must be able to bridge a specified gap and serve as a mechanically sound foundation for successive deposits. Finally, the deposited structure must be dimensionally stable during the transition to the final state (i.e. fully cured at room temperature). This article presents a framework for extrusion-based printing and a simple viscoelastic model for each of these conditions based on the rheological and thermo-physical properties of the candidate material and the processing parameters of the extrusion-based deposition platform. The model is demonstrated to be a useful tool for the evaluation of example test cases including: high temperature thermoplastics (polyphenylsulfone), fiber reinforced thermoplastics (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), low-viscosity thermosets (epoxy resins), and thermoplastics with a high coefficient of thermal expansion (polypropylene).},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.008},
journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Processes},
number = C,
volume = 35,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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