Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography

Smilowitz, Laura Beth; Henson, Bryan Fayne; Oschwald, David M.; Suvorova, N.; Remelius, D.

doi:10.1063/1.5004424

Title: Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography

Abstract

In this study, we observe internal convective and conductive burn front propagation and solid consumption subsequent to thermal ignition for plastic bonded formulations of the solid organic secondary explosives octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. This work describes x-ray radiographic diagnostics enabling the study of solid density in a fully encased explosive during internal burning subsequent to ignition. Finally, the result of this study is the ability to directly observe and measure rates of energy release during a thermal explosion.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Oschwald, David M. ^[1]; Suvorova, N. ^[1]; Remelius, D. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-31

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; Department of Defense (DOD)

OSTI Identifier:: 1487357

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1406142

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-15-20217
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 111; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats


                    Smilowitz, Laura Beth, Henson, Bryan Fayne, Oschwald, David M., Suvorova, N., and Remelius, D. Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5004424.

Copy to clipboard


                    Smilowitz, Laura Beth, Henson, Bryan Fayne, Oschwald, David M., Suvorova, N., & Remelius, D. Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004424

Copy to clipboard


                    Smilowitz, Laura Beth, Henson, Bryan Fayne, Oschwald, David M., Suvorova, N., and Remelius, D. Tue .  
"Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004424.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1487357.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1487357,

  title        = {Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography},

  author       = {Smilowitz, Laura Beth and Henson, Bryan Fayne and Oschwald, David M. and Suvorova, N. and Remelius, D.},

  abstractNote = {In this study, we observe internal convective and conductive burn front propagation and solid consumption subsequent to thermal ignition for plastic bonded formulations of the solid organic secondary explosives octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. This work describes x-ray radiographic diagnostics enabling the study of solid density in a fully encased explosive during internal burning subsequent to ignition. Finally, the result of this study is the ability to directly observe and measure rates of energy release during a thermal explosion.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5004424},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  number       = 18,

  volume       = 111,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004424

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 8 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Burning Rate of Solid Propellant Ingredients, Part 1: Pressure and Initial Temperature Effects
journal, November 1999

Atwood, A. I.; Boggs, T. L.; Curran, P. O.
Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 15, Issue 6
DOI: 10.2514/2.5522

Thermal expansion, transitions, sensitivities and burning rates of HMX
journal, July 1992

Herrmann, Michael; Engel, Walter; Eisenreich, Norbert
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 17, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1002/prep.19920170409

Energetics of HMX-Based Composite Modified Double-Base Propellant Combustion
journal, November 1999

Kubota, Naminosuke
Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 15, Issue 6
DOI: 10.2514/2.5525

Deflagration of HMX-Based Explosives at High Temperatures and Pressures
journal, October 2004

Maienschein, Jon?Lee; Wardell, Jeffrey?Francis; DeHaven, Martin?Raymond
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 29, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/prep.200400061

HMX and RDX - Combustion mechanism and influence on modern double-base propellant combustion
journal, July 1995

Zenin, Anatoli
Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 11, Issue 4
DOI: 10.2514/3.23900

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion. I. Proton radiography of pre-ignition expansion, material motion, and chemical decomposition
journal, May 2012

Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 10, Article No. 103515
DOI: 10.1063/1.4711071

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion II. Dynamic proton radiography of cracking and solid consumption by burning
journal, May 2012

Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 10, Article No. 103516
DOI: 10.1063/1.4711072

Time-Sequenced X-Ray Observation of a Thermal Explosion
conference, January 2009

Tringe, J. W.; Molitoris, J. D.; Smilowitz, L.
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1063/1.3295164

Thermal decomposition of energetic materials viewed via dynamic x-ray radiography
journal, January 2014

Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 2, Article No. 024107
DOI: 10.1063/1.4858965

Direct Observation of the Phenomenology of a Solid Thermal Explosion Using Time-Resolved Proton Radiography
journal, June 2008

Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 22, Article No. 228301
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.228301

A Comparison of Thermal Explosions in pbx 9501 and Pbxn-9
conference, January 2009

Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1063/1.3295167

Works referencing / citing this record:

Finding the “lost-time” in detonator function
journal, March 2019

Smilowitz, L.; Remelius, D.; Suvorova, N.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.5088606

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Dynamic observation of a thermally activated structure change in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) by second harmonic generation

Journal Article Son, S F ; Asay, B W ; Henson, B F ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces, amp Biophysical

Using optical second harmonic generation (SHG) the authors observe, for the first time, a structural change in the energetic material (dry-aminated production grade) TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) upon heating. This structure change is verified by X-ray powder diffraction (XPD). The kinetics of this structure change are measured and are found to closely match commonly accepted thermal decomposition parameters for the first step, analogous to observations made for the {beta} to {delta} phase transition in HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). Consequently, these solid structure transitions appear to be coupled to the chemical decomposition mechanism or it may be the first physical process occurring. The authors applymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp983307h
The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion II. Dynamic proton radiography of cracking and solid consumption by burning

Journal Article Smilowitz, L ; Henson, B F ; Romero, J J ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

We report proton transmission images obtained subsequent to the laser assisted thermal ignition of a sample of PBX 9501 (a plastic bonded formulation of the explosive nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX)). We describe the laser assisted thermal ignition technique as a means to synchronize a non-linear thermal ignition event while preserving the subsequent post-ignition behavior. We have obtained dynamic proton transmission images at two spatial magnifications and viewed both the radial and transverse axis of a solid cylindrical sample encased in aluminum. Images have been obtained with 3 to 15 {mu}s temporal resolution and approximately 100 {mu}m spatial resolution at the highermore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4711072
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials viewed via dynamic x-ray radiography

Journal Article Smilowitz, L. ; Henson, B. F. ; Romero, J. J. ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

We describe the evolution of solid density, leading up to ignition in the slow thermal decomposition of the solid organic secondary explosive octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine. This work describes an x-ray radiographic diagnostic, allowing the study of solid density in a fully encased explosive heated to thermal explosion. The result of this study is the ability to observe and manipulate the ignition volume in a thermal explosion.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858965
Ignition dynamics of high explosives

Technical Report Ali, A N ; Son, S F ; Sander, R K ; ...

The laser ignition of the explosives HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, C{sub 4}H{sub 8}N{sub 8}O{sub 8}), {delta}-phase HMX, PBX 9501 (95% HMX, 2.5% Estane, 2.5% BDNPA/BDNPF), TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, C{sub 6}H{sub 6}N{sub 6}O{sub 6}), and PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F) and aged PBX 9502 has been conducted with the intent to compare the relative sensitivities of those explosives and to investigate the effect of beam profile, binder addition, and porosity. It has been found that there was little difference between a gaussian beam and a top hat profile on the laser ignition of HMX. The authors observe that the addition of binder inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/334319

Full Text Available
Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer (SHRS) for In Situ Chemical Sensing Using Sapphire and Silica Optical Fiber Raman Probes

Journal Article Ottaway, Joshua M. ; Allen, Ashley ; Waldron, Abigail ; ... - Applied Spectroscopy

A spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS), constructed using a modular optical cage and lens tube system, is described for use with a commercial silica and a custom single-crystal (SC) sapphire fiber Raman probe. The utility of these fiber-coupled SHRS chemical sensors is demonstrated using 532 nm laser excitation for acquiring Raman measurements of solid (sulfur) and liquid (cyclohexane) Raman standards as well as real-world, plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) comprising 1,3,5- triamino- 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene (TATB) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) energetic materials. The SHRS is a fixed grating-based dispersive interferometer equipped with an array detector. Each Raman spectrum was extracted from its corresponding fringe imagemore »« less
Cited by 5
https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702819868237

Similar Records

Title: Internal sub-sonic burning during an explosion viewed via dynamic X-ray radiography

Abstract

Citation Formats

Burning Rate of Solid Propellant Ingredients, Part 1: Pressure and Initial Temperature Effects journal, November 1999

Thermal expansion, transitions, sensitivities and burning rates of HMX journal, July 1992

Energetics of HMX-Based Composite Modified Double-Base Propellant Combustion journal, November 1999

Deflagration of HMX-Based Explosives at High Temperatures and Pressures journal, October 2004

HMX and RDX - Combustion mechanism and influence on modern double-base propellant combustion journal, July 1995

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion. I. Proton radiography of pre-ignition expansion, material motion, and chemical decomposition journal, May 2012

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion II. Dynamic proton radiography of cracking and solid consumption by burning journal, May 2012

Time-Sequenced X-Ray Observation of a Thermal Explosion conference, January 2009

Thermal decomposition of energetic materials viewed via dynamic x-ray radiography journal, January 2014

Direct Observation of the Phenomenology of a Solid Thermal Explosion Using Time-Resolved Proton Radiography journal, June 2008

A Comparison of Thermal Explosions in pbx 9501 and Pbxn-9 conference, January 2009

Finding the “lost-time” in detonator function journal, March 2019

Burning Rate of Solid Propellant Ingredients, Part 1: Pressure and Initial Temperature Effects
journal, November 1999

Thermal expansion, transitions, sensitivities and burning rates of HMX
journal, July 1992

Energetics of HMX-Based Composite Modified Double-Base Propellant Combustion
journal, November 1999

Deflagration of HMX-Based Explosives at High Temperatures and Pressures
journal, October 2004

HMX and RDX - Combustion mechanism and influence on modern double-base propellant combustion
journal, July 1995

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion. I. Proton radiography of pre-ignition expansion, material motion, and chemical decomposition
journal, May 2012

The evolution of solid density within a thermal explosion II. Dynamic proton radiography of cracking and solid consumption by burning
journal, May 2012

Time-Sequenced X-Ray Observation of a Thermal Explosion
conference, January 2009

Thermal decomposition of energetic materials viewed via dynamic x-ray radiography
journal, January 2014

Direct Observation of the Phenomenology of a Solid Thermal Explosion Using Time-Resolved Proton Radiography
journal, June 2008

A Comparison of Thermal Explosions in pbx 9501 and Pbxn-9
conference, January 2009

Finding the “lost-time” in detonator function
journal, March 2019