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Title: Predicting High-Temperature Decomposition of Lithiated Graphite: Part I. Review of Phenomena and a Comprehensive Model

Journal Article · · Journal of the Electrochemical Society
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
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Heat release that leads to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries begins with decomposition reactions associated with lithiated graphite. We broadly review the observed phenomena related to lithiated graphite electrodes and develop a comprehensive model that predicts with a single parameter set and with reasonable accuracy measurements over the available temperature range with a range of graphite particle sizes. The model developed in this work uses a standardized total heat release and takes advantage of a revised dependence of reaction rates and the tunneling barrier on specific surface area. The reaction extent is limited by inadequate electrolyte or lithium. Calorimetry measurements show that heat release from the reaction between lithiated graphite and electrolyte accelerates above ~200°C, and the model addresses this without introducing additional chemical reactions. This method assumes that the electron-tunneling barrier through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) grows initially and then becomes constant at some critical magnitude, which allows the reaction to accelerate as the temperature rises by means of its activation energy. Phenomena that could result in the upper limit on the tunneling barrier are discussed. The model predictions with two candidate activation energies are evaluated through comparisons to calorimetry data, and recommendations are made for optimal parameters.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
OSTI ID:
1487161
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1492360
Report Number(s):
SAND-2018-13764J; 670885
Journal Information:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16; ISSN 0013-4651
Publisher:
The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (2)

Predicting High-Temperature Decomposition of Lithiated Graphite: Part II. Passivation Layer Evolution and the Role of Surface Area journal January 2018
Perspective—From Calorimetry Measurements to Furthering Mechanistic Understanding and Control of Thermal Abuse in Lithium-Ion Cells journal January 2019

Figures / Tables (10)

Table 1(p. 22)table Table 1
Table 2(p. 24)table Table 2
Table 3(p. 25)table Table 3
Figure 1(p. 26)figure Figure 1
Figure 2(p. 27)figure Figure 2
Figure 3(p. 28)figure Figure 3
Figure 4(p. 29)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 30)figure Figure 5
Figure 6(p. 31)figure Figure 6
Figure 7(p. 32)figure Figure 7

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Batteries
Batteries - Lithium
Lithiated Graphite
Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Thermal Runaway