The role of reforestation in carbon sequestration
Abstract
In the United States (U.S.), the maintenance of forest cover is a legal mandate for federally managed forest lands. More broadly, reforestation following harvesting, recent or historic disturbances can enhance numerous carbon (C)-based ecosystem services and functions. These include production of woody biomass for forest products, and mitigation of atmospheric CO2 pollution and climate change by sequestering C into ecosystem pools where it can be stored for long timescales. Nonetheless, a range of assessments and analyses indicate that reforestation in the U.S. lags behind its potential, with the continuation of ecosystem services and functions at risk if reforestation is not increased. In this context, there is need for multiple independent analyses that quantify the role of reforestation in C sequestration, from ecosystems up to regional and national levels. Here, we describe the methods and report the findings of a large-scale data synthesis aimed at four objectives: (1) estimate C storage in major ecosystem pools in forest and other land cover types; (2) quantify sources of variation in ecosystem C pools; (3) compare the impacts of reforestation and afforestation on C pools; (4) assess whether these results hold or diverge across ecoregions. The results of our synthesis support four overarching inferencesmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Michigan, Pellston, MI (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- USDA-Forest Service, St. Paul, MN (United States)
- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- USDA-Forest Service, Houghton, MI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1487130
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- New Forests
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 50; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0169-4286
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Biomass; ECOMAP; Land cover; forest ecosystem; land use; soil; soil organic carbon
Citation Formats
Nave, Luke E., Walters, B. F., Hofmeister, K. L., Perry, C. H., Mishra, U., Domke, G. M., and Swanston, C. W. The role of reforestation in carbon sequestration. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1007/s11056-018-9655-3.
Nave, Luke E., Walters, B. F., Hofmeister, K. L., Perry, C. H., Mishra, U., Domke, G. M., & Swanston, C. W. The role of reforestation in carbon sequestration. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9655-3
Nave, Luke E., Walters, B. F., Hofmeister, K. L., Perry, C. H., Mishra, U., Domke, G. M., and Swanston, C. W. Mon .
"The role of reforestation in carbon sequestration". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9655-3. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1487130.
@article{osti_1487130,
title = {The role of reforestation in carbon sequestration},
author = {Nave, Luke E. and Walters, B. F. and Hofmeister, K. L. and Perry, C. H. and Mishra, U. and Domke, G. M. and Swanston, C. W.},
abstractNote = {In the United States (U.S.), the maintenance of forest cover is a legal mandate for federally managed forest lands. More broadly, reforestation following harvesting, recent or historic disturbances can enhance numerous carbon (C)-based ecosystem services and functions. These include production of woody biomass for forest products, and mitigation of atmospheric CO2 pollution and climate change by sequestering C into ecosystem pools where it can be stored for long timescales. Nonetheless, a range of assessments and analyses indicate that reforestation in the U.S. lags behind its potential, with the continuation of ecosystem services and functions at risk if reforestation is not increased. In this context, there is need for multiple independent analyses that quantify the role of reforestation in C sequestration, from ecosystems up to regional and national levels. Here, we describe the methods and report the findings of a large-scale data synthesis aimed at four objectives: (1) estimate C storage in major ecosystem pools in forest and other land cover types; (2) quantify sources of variation in ecosystem C pools; (3) compare the impacts of reforestation and afforestation on C pools; (4) assess whether these results hold or diverge across ecoregions. The results of our synthesis support four overarching inferences regarding reforestation and other land use impacts on C sequestration. First, in the bigger picture, soils are the dominant C pool in all ecosystems and land cover types in the U.S., and soil C pool sizes vary less by land cover than by other factors, such as spatial variation or soil wetness. Second, where historically cultivated lands are being reforested, topsoils are sequestering significant amounts of C, with the majority of reforested lands yet to reach their capacity relative to the potential indicated by natural forest soils. Third, the establishment of woody vegetation delivers immediate to multi-decadal C sequestration benefits in aboveground woody biomass and coarse woody debris pools, with two- to three-fold C sequestration benefits in biomass during the first several decades following planting. Fourth, opportunities to enhance C sequestration through reforestation vary among the ecoregions, according to current levels of planting, typical forest growth rates, and past land uses (especially cultivation). Furthermore, our results suggest that an immediate, but phased and spatially targeted approach to reforestation can enhance C sequestration in forest biomass and soils in the U.S. for decades to centuries to come.},
doi = {10.1007/s11056-018-9655-3},
journal = {New Forests},
number = 1,
volume = 50,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {7}
}
Web of Science
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Afforestation Effects on Soil Carbon Storage in the United States: A Synthesis
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Storage and stability of organic carbon in soils as related to depth, occlusion within aggregates, and attachment to minerals
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journal, August 2015
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Forest dynamics in the U.S. indicate disproportionate attrition in western forests, rural areas and public lands
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Complex forest dynamics indicate potential for slowing carbon accumulation in the southeastern United States
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Long-Term Impacts of Agriculture on soil Carbon and Nitrogen in new England Forests
journal, August 2000
- Compton, Jana E.; Boone, Richard D.
- Ecology, Vol. 81, Issue 8
Modelling carbon stocks and fluxes in the wood product sector: a comparative review
journal, March 2016
- Brunet-Navarro, Pau; Jochheim, Hubert; Muys, Bart
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 7
Factors affecting the molecular structure and mean residence time of occluded organics in a lithosequence of soils under ponderosa pine
journal, October 2014
- Heckman, Katherine; Throckmorton, Heather; Clingensmith, Christopher
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 77
Scaling impacts on environmental controls and spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon stocks
journal, January 2015
- Mishra, U.; Riley, W. J.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 13
A Tale of Two Forest Carbon Assessments in the Eastern United States: Forest Use Versus Cover as a Metric of Change
journal, July 2016
- Woodall, C. W.; Walters, B. F.; Russell, M. B.
- Ecosystems, Vol. 19, Issue 8
The legacy of harvest and fire on ecosystem carbon storage in a north temperate forest
journal, September 2007
- Gough, Christopher M.; Vogel, Christoph S.; Harrold, Katherine H.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 9
Geologic controls of soil carbon cycling and microbial dynamics in temperate conifer forests
journal, September 2009
- Heckman, Katherine; Welty-Bernard, Amy; Rasmussen, Craig
- Chemical Geology, Vol. 267, Issue 1-2
From sink to source: Regional variation in U.S. forest carbon futures
journal, November 2015
- Wear, David N.; Coulston, John W.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Climate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects
journal, September 2010
- Bentz, Barbara J.; Régnière, Jacques; Fettig, Christopher J.
- BioScience, Vol. 60, Issue 8
Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis
journal, April 2002
- Guo, L. B.; Gifford, R. M.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Forest dynamics in the U.S. indicate disproportionate attrition in western forests, rural areas and public lands
journal, February 2017
- Yang, Sheng; Mountrakis, Giorgos
- PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Considerations for restoring temperate forests of tomorrow: forest restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineering
journal, August 2015
- Dumroese, R. Kasten; Williams, Mary I.; Stanturf, John A.
- New Forests, Vol. 46, Issue 5-6
Future forest aboveground carbon dynamics in the central United States: the importance of forest demographic processes
journal, February 2017
- Jin, Wenchi; He, Hong S.; Thompson, Frank R.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Storage and stability of organic carbon in soils as related to depth, occlusion within aggregates, and attachment to minerals
journal, January 2013
- Schrumpf, M.; Kaiser, K.; Guggenberger, G.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Complex forest dynamics indicate potential for slowing carbon accumulation in the southeastern United States
journal, January 2015
- Coulston, John W.; Wear, David N.; Vose, James M.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change
journal, April 2008
- Kurz, W. A.; Dymond, C. C.; Stinson, G.
- Nature, Vol. 452, Issue 7190
Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest
journal, July 1999
- Richter, Daniel D.; Markewitz, Daniel; Trumbore, Susan E.
- Nature, Vol. 400, Issue 6739
Attributing carbon changes in conterminous U.S. forests to disturbance and non-disturbance factors from 1901 to 2010: ATTRIBUTING CARBON CHANGES OF U.S. FORESTS
journal, June 2012
- Zhang, Fangmin; Chen, Jing M.; Pan, Yude
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 117, Issue G2
Afforestation Effects on Soil Carbon Storage in the United States: A Synthesis
journal, January 2013
- Nave, L. E.; Swanston, C. W.; Mishra, U.
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 77, Issue 3
Response of Sierra Nevada forests to projected climate-wildfire interactions
journal, November 2016
- Liang, Shuang; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Westerling, Anthony LeRoy
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 5
Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: potential causes
journal, September 1996
- Gower, Stith T.; McMurtrie, Ross E.; Murty, Danuse
- Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Impacts of disturbance history on forest carbon stocks and fluxes: Merging satellite disturbance mapping with forest inventory data in a carbon cycle model framework
journal, August 2014
- Williams, Christopher A.; Collatz, G. James; Masek, Jeffrey
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 151
Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation: a meta-analysis: SOC ACCUMULATION FOLLOWING AFFORESTATION
journal, January 2010
- LaganiÃRe, JÃRÃMe; Angers, Denis A.; ParÃ, David
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1
International Soil Carbon Network (ISCN) Database v3-1
dataset, January 2016
- Nave, Luke; Johnson, Kris; Van Ingen, Catharine
- International Soil Carbon Network (ISCN);
Stabilization of organic matter in temperate soils: mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions - a review
journal, August 2006
- Lutzow, M. v.; Kogel-Knabner, I.; Ekschmitt, K.
- European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 57, Issue 4
Carbon Storage on Landscapes with Stand-replacing Fires
journal, January 2006
- Kashian, Daniel M.; Romme, William H.; Tinker, Daniel B.
- BioScience, Vol. 56, Issue 7
Predicting soil bulk density for incomplete databases
journal, January 2014
- Sequeira, Cleiton H.; Wills, Skye A.; Seybold, Cathy A.
- Geoderma, Vol. 213
Forest Carbon Management in the United States
journal, January 2006
- Birdsey, Richard; Pregitzer, Kurt; Lucier, Alan
- Journal of Environment Quality, Vol. 35, Issue 4
Adapt to more wildfire in western North American forests as climate changes
journal, April 2017
- Schoennagel, Tania; Balch, Jennifer K.; Brenkert-Smith, Hannah
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 18
The Influence of Fire on the Radiocarbon Signature and Character of Soil Organic Matter in the Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon, USA
journal, August 2013
- Heckman, Katherine; Campbell, John; Powers, Heath
- Fire Ecology, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Implications of land-use change on forest carbon stocks in the eastern United States
journal, February 2017
- Puhlick, Joshua; Woodall, Christopher; Weiskittel, Aaron
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Potential for Additional Carbon Sequestration through Regeneration of Nonstocked Forest Land in the United States
journal, July 2017
- Sample, V. Alaric
- Journal of Forestry, Vol. 115, Issue 4
Net primary production and net ecosystem production of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence
journal, April 2004
- Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Wang, Chuankuan; Gower, Stith T.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Surficial gains and subsoil losses of soil carbon and nitrogen during secondary forest development
journal, September 2014
- Mobley, Megan L.; Lajtha, Kate; Kramer, Marc G.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 2
Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential
journal, March 2000
- Post, W. M.; Kwon, K. C.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Contributions of Land-Use History to Carbon Accumulation in U.S. Forests
journal, November 2000
- Caspersen, J. P.
- Science, Vol. 290, Issue 5494
Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services
journal, July 2008
- Liu, J.; Li, S.; Ouyang, Z.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 28
Forest restoration following surface mining disturbance: challenges and solutions
journal, August 2015
- Macdonald, S. Ellen; Landhäusser, Simon M.; Skousen, Jeff
- New Forests, Vol. 46, Issue 5-6
Forest management scenarios in a changing climate: trade-offs between carbon, timber, and old forest
journal, February 2017
- Creutzburg, Megan K.; Scheller, Robert M.; Lucash, Melissa S.
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 27, Issue 2
Carbon consequences of forest disturbance and recovery across the conterminous United States: FOREST DISTURBANCE AND CARBON DYNAMICS
journal, January 2012
- Williams, Christopher A.; Collatz, G. James; Masek, Jeffrey
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Effects of biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling in the United States and Canada
journal, October 2011
- Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Allen, Craig D.; Desai, Ankur R.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Development of a 2001 National Land-Cover Database for the United States
journal, July 2004
- Homer, Collin; Huang, Chengquan; Yang, Limin
- Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 70, Issue 7
An analysis of forest land use, forest land cover and change at policy-relevant scales
journal, December 2013
- Coulston, J. W.; Reams, G. A.; Wear, D. N.
- Forestry, Vol. 87, Issue 2
Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine
journal, April 2003
- Law, B. E.; Sun, O. J.; Campbell, J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector
journal, January 2014
- Smyth, C. E.; Stinson, G.; Neilson, E.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 13
Monitoring Network Confirms Land Use Change is a Substantial Component of the Forest Carbon Sink in the eastern United States
journal, December 2015
- Woodall, C. W.; Walters, B. F.; Coulston, J. W.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Reforestation can sequester two petagrams of carbon in US topsoils in a century
journal, February 2018
- Nave, Lucas E.; Domke, Grant M.; Hofmeister, Kathryn L.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 11
Individual tree and stand-level carbon and nutrient contents across one rotation of loblolly pine plantations on a reclaimed surface mine
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Monitoring forest structure to guide adaptive management of forest restoration: a review of remote sensing approaches
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