Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)

Tang, Yuting; Zhang, Yue; Rosenberg, Julian N.; Sharif, Nadia; Betenbaugh, Michael J.; Wang, Fei

doi:10.1039/c5ra23519g

Title: Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)

Abstract

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), a commercially available pressurized fluid extraction technique and conventional manual extraction were compared to identify the most effective chloroform–methanol extraction method for algal lipids. Using optimal ASE operating conditions (methanol/chloroform = 2 : 1 by vol, 100 °C, static time of 5 min, and four static cycles), the lipid contents of Chlorella vulgaris, C. sorokiniana, C. zofingiensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were 27.5%, 25.8%, 15.2%, 29.8% of dry biomass, respectively. Here, the total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of dry biomass from ASE extraction was found to be 1.3–2.7 fold higher than that from conventional manual extract from these species, demonstrating that ASE exhibited significant improvement for lipid and FAME recovery. Furthermore, ASE showed the capacity to extract all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as 3.0% of dry biomass from Nannochloropsis gaditana suggesting that ASE has the potential to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well.

Authors:

Tang, Yuting ^[1]; Zhang, Yue ^[2]; Rosenberg, Julian N. ^[2]; Sharif, Nadia ^[2]; Betenbaugh, Michael J. ^[2]; Wang, Fei ^[3]

Nanjing Forestry Univ., Nanjing (China). College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab. of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
Nanjing Forestry Univ., Nanjing (China). College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab. of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals

Publication Date:: 2016-03-09

Research Org.:: Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1485584

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012658

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: RSC Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 35; Journal ID: ISSN 2046-2069

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 09 BIOMASS FUELS

Citation Formats


                    Tang, Yuting, Zhang, Yue, Rosenberg, Julian N., Sharif, Nadia, Betenbaugh, Michael J., and Wang, Fei. Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE).  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1039/c5ra23519g.

Copy to clipboard


                    Tang, Yuting, Zhang, Yue, Rosenberg, Julian N., Sharif, Nadia, Betenbaugh, Michael J., & Wang, Fei. Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE).  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23519g

Copy to clipboard


                    Tang, Yuting, Zhang, Yue, Rosenberg, Julian N., Sharif, Nadia, Betenbaugh, Michael J., and Wang, Fei. Wed .  
"Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23519g.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1485584.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1485584,

  title        = {Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)},

  author       = {Tang, Yuting and Zhang, Yue and Rosenberg, Julian N. and Sharif, Nadia and Betenbaugh, Michael J. and Wang, Fei},

  abstractNote = {Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), a commercially available pressurized fluid extraction technique and conventional manual extraction were compared to identify the most effective chloroform–methanol extraction method for algal lipids. Using optimal ASE operating conditions (methanol/chloroform = 2 : 1 by vol, 100 °C, static time of 5 min, and four static cycles), the lipid contents of Chlorella vulgaris, C. sorokiniana, C. zofingiensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were 27.5%, 25.8%, 15.2%, 29.8% of dry biomass, respectively. Here, the total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of dry biomass from ASE extraction was found to be 1.3–2.7 fold higher than that from conventional manual extract from these species, demonstrating that ASE exhibited significant improvement for lipid and FAME recovery. Furthermore, ASE showed the capacity to extract all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as 3.0% of dry biomass from Nannochloropsis gaditana suggesting that ASE has the potential to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well.},

  doi          = {10.1039/c5ra23519g},

  journal      = {RSC Advances},

  number       = 35,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {3}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23519g

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 6 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: Effects of reaction parameters on lipid recovery using the ASE method. (A) Effect of extraction solvents. Reaction conditions: extraction temperature of 100 °C, static time of 5 min, static cycle number of 4. (B) Effect of temperature. Reaction conditions: methanol/ chloroform (2 : 1, v/v), static time ofmore »

All figures and tables (3 total)

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Removal of algae and turbidity by floating-media and sand filtration
journal, August 2013

Kwon, Dae-Young; Kwon, Jae-Hyun; Jo, Gyung-Jae
Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 52, Issue 4-6
DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.826320

Biodiesel yields and fuel quality as criteria for algal-feedstock selection: Effects of CO2-supplementation and nutrient levels in cultures
journal, March 2015

Nascimento, Iracema Andrade; Cabanelas, Iago Teles Dominguez; Santos, Jacson Nunes dos
Algal Research, Vol. 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.001

Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild mixed-cultures
journal, February 2011

Wahlen, Bradley D.; Willis, Robert M.; Seefeldt, Lance C.
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.026

Extraction of Bio‐oils from Microalgae
journal, December 2009

Cooney, Michael; Young, Greg; Nagle, Nick
Separation & Purification Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1080/15422110903327919

Lipid sovent systems are not equivalent for analysis of lipid classes in the microeukaryotic green alga, Chlorella
journal, July 1988

Guckert, James B.; Cooksey, Keith E.; Jackson, Larry L.
Journal of Microbiological Methods, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(88)90015-2

Recent trends in the impurity profile of pharmaceuticals
journal, January 2010

Chandrawanshi, HarishK; Pilaniya, Urmila; Manchandani, Pooja
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.4103/0110-5558.72422

A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis sp. microalga – Extraction of oils and pigments. Production of biohydrogen from the leftover biomass
journal, May 2013

Nobre, B. P.; Villalobos, F.; Barragán, B. E.
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 135
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.084

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation
journal, January 1996

Richter, Bruce E.; Jones, Brian A.; Ezzell, John L.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 68, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1021/ac9508199

Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum
journal, January 2004

Denery, Judith R.; Dragull, Klaus; Tang, C. S.
Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 501, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.09.026

Comparative Analyses of Three Chlorella Species in Response to Light and Sugar Reveal Distinctive Lipid Accumulation Patterns in the Microalga C. sorokiniana
journal, April 2014

Rosenberg, Julian N.; Kobayashi, Naoko; Barnes, Austin
PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092460

Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production
journal, September 2014

Ma, Yubin; Wang, Zhiyao; Yu, Changjiang
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 167
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.047

Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae
journal, January 2010

Lee, Jae-Yon; Yoo, Chan; Jun, So-Young
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.058

Lipid extraction from biomass using co-solvent mixtures of ionic liquids and polar covalent molecules
journal, March 2010

Young, Gregory; Nippgen, Franz; Titterbrandt, Sebastian
Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 72, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.01.009

Pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extractions for the recovery of triacylglycerols from microalgae: a practical tool for algal biofuels research
journal, December 2011

Bjornsson, W. J.; MacDougall, K. M.; Melanson, J. E.
Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 24, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-011-9756-2

Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review
journal, January 2010

Mata, Teresa M.; Martins, António A.; Caetano, Nidia. S.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 1, p. 217-232
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020

Effect of temperature and moisture on high pressure lipid/oil extraction from microalgae
journal, December 2014

Islam, Muhammad Aminul; Brown, Richard J.; O’Hara, Ian
Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 88
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.038

Microalgae as a raw material for biofuels production
journal, November 2008

Gouveia, Luisa; Oliveira, Ana Cristina
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol. 36, Issue 2, p. 269-274
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0495-6

Extraction of hydrocarbon contamination from soils using accelerated solvent extraction
journal, April 2000

Richter, Bruce E.
Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 874, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00073-X

Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel
journal, January 2007

Dufreche, Stephen; Hernandez, R.; French, T.
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 84, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-1022-4

Biodiesel from microalgae
journal, May 2007

Chisti, Yusuf
Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 25, Issue 3, p. 294-306
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001

Effect of nitrogen limitation on cell growth, lipid accumulation and gene expression in Chlorella sorokiniana
journal, June 2015

Li, Ying Xia; Zhao, Feng Juan; Yu, Dong Dong
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Vol. 58, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1590/S1516-8913201500391

A comparative study on effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction from microalgae: Effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction
journal, June 2011

Prabakaran, P.; Ravindran, A. D.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 53, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03082.x

High Photosynthetic Productivity of Green Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana
journal, January 2000

Morita, Masahiko; Watanabe, Yoshitomo; Saiki, Hiroshi
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 87, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1385/ABAB:87:3:203

The use of Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology to optimize biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous marine green alga, Nannochloropsis gaditana in response to light intensity, inoculum size and CO 2
journal, May 2015

Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Grogger, Melanie; Mraz, Megan
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 184
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.022

Outdoor pilot-scale production of Nannochloropsis gaditana : Influence of culture parameters and lipid production rates in tubular photobioreactors
journal, October 2014

San Pedro, A.; González-López, C. V.; Acién, F. G.
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 169
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.052

Biodiesel quality and biochemical changes of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus in response to nitrate levels
journal, October 2014

Wu, Hongqin; Miao, Xiaoling
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 170
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.017

Lipid storage compounds in raw activated sludge microorganisms for biofuels and oleochemicals production
journal, January 2012

Revellame, Emmanuel D.; Hernandez, Rafael; French, William
RSC Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01078j

Investigation of high pressure steaming (HPS) as a thermal treatment for lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris
journal, July 2014

Aguirre, Ana-Maria; Bassi, Amarjeet
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 164
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.089

A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification
journal, January 1959

Bligh, E. G.; Dyer, W. J.
Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 37, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1139/y59-099

Production of astaxanthin by the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis in the dark
journal, February 2005

Ip, Po-Fung; Chen, Feng
Process Biochemistry, Vol. 40, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.039

Evaluation of different solvent mixtures in esterifiable lipids extraction from microalgae Botryococcus braunii for biodiesel production
journal, February 2016

Hidalgo, Pamela; Ciudad, Gustavo; Navia, Rodrigo
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 201
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.031

Trichosarcina polymorpha Gen. et Sp. Nov.
journal, March 1965

Nichols, H. Wayne; Bold, Harold C.
Journal of Phycology, Vol. 1, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1965.tb04552.x

Optimization of an Analytical Procedure for Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae
journal, July 2011

Ryckebosch, Eline; Muylaert, Koenraad; Foubert, Imogen
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 89, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1903-z

Comparison of biomass and lipid production under ambient carbon dioxide vigorous aeration and 3% carbon dioxide condition among the lead candidate Chlorella strains screened by various photobioreactor scales
journal, December 2015

Kobayashi, Naoko; Barnes, Austin; Jensen, Travis
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 198
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.124

Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties
journal, January 2009

Ramos, María Jesús; Fernández, Carmen María; Casas, Abraham
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.039

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga
journal, December 2005

Herrero, Miguel; Martín-Álvarez, Pedro J.; Señoráns, F. Javier
Food Chemistry, Vol. 93, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.037

Ionic liquid-mediated extraction of lipids from algal biomass
journal, April 2012

Kim, Young-Hoo; Choi, Yong-Keun; Park, Jungsu
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 109
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.064

Pressurized fluid extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata
journal, December 2012

Pieber, Simone; Schober, Sigurd; Mittelbach, Martin
Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 47
DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.10.019

Accelerated solvent extraction of lipids for determining the fatty acid composition of biological material
journal, January 1998

Schäfer, Klaus
Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 358, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(97)00587-4

Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from the Treatment of Manure Effluent
journal, July 2009

Mulbry, Walter; Kondrad, Shannon; Buyer, Jeffrey
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 86, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1432-1

Works referencing / citing this record:

Advances in microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production: a review: Microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production
journal, August 2018

Harris, Jesse; Viner, Kelsey; Champagne, Pascale
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 12, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1923

Microalgae cultivation using palm oil mill effluent as growth medium for lipid production with the effect of CO2 supply and light intensity
journal, November 2019

Bhuyar, Prakash; Sundararaju, Sathyavathi; Rahim, Mohd Hasbi Ab.
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
DOI: 10.1007/s13399-019-00548-5

Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production
journal, January 2018

Chen, Zhipeng; Wang, Lingfeng; Qiu, Shuang
BioMed Research International, Vol. 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/1503126

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Fig. 1 (p. 4)

Fig. 2 (p. 5)

Fig. 3 (p. 6)

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Optimization of one-step in situ transesterification method for accurate quantification of EPA in Nannochloropsis gaditana

Journal Article Tang, Yuting ; Zhang, Yue ; Rosenberg, Julian N. ; ... - Applied Sciences

Microalgae are a valuable source of lipid feedstocks for biodiesel and valuable omega-3 fatty acids. Nannochloropsis gaditana has emerged as a promising producer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) due to its fast growth rate and high EPA content. In the present study, the fatty acid profile of Nannochloropsis gaditana was found to be naturally high in EPA and devoid of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), thereby providing an opportunity to maximize the efficacy of EPA production. Using an optimized one-step in situ transesterification method (methanol:biomass = 90 mL/g; HCl 5% by vol.; 70 °C; 1.5 h), the maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)more »« less
https://doi.org/10.3390/app6110343

Full Text Available
Accurate and Reliable Quantification of Total Microalgal Fuel Potential as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by in situ Transesterfication

Journal Article Laurens, Lieve M. L. ; Quinn, Matthew ; Van Wychen, Stefanie ; ... - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

In the context of algal biofuels, lipids, or better aliphatic chains of the fatty acids, are perhaps the most important constituents of algal biomass. Accurate quantification of lipids and their respective fuel yield is crucial for comparison of algal strains and growth conditions and for process monitoring. As an alternative to traditional solvent-based lipid extraction procedures, we have developed a robust whole-biomass in situ transesterification procedure for quantification of algal lipids (as fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) that (a) can be carried out on a small scale (using 4-7 mg of biomass), (b) is applicable to a range of differentmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5814-0
Preservation of Microalgae, Lignocellulosic Biomass Blends by Ensiling to Enable Consistent Year-Round Feedstock Supply for Thermochemical Conversion to Biofuels

Journal Article Wahlen, Bradley D. ; Wendt, Lynn M. ; Murphy, Austin ; ... - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Seasonal variation in microalgae productivity is a significant barrier to economical production of algae biofuels and chemicals. Summer production can be 3–5 times higher than in the winter resulting in uneven feedstock supplies at algae biorefineries. A portion of the summer production must be preserved for conversion in the winter in order to maintain a biorefinery running at capacity. Ensiling, a preservation process that utilizes lactic acid fermentation to limit microbial degradation, has been demonstrated to successfully stabilize algae biomass (20% solids) and algae-lignocellulosic blends (40% algae-60% lignocellulosic biomass, dry basis) for over 6 months, resulting in fuel production costmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00316

Full Text Available
PACE: Producing Algae for Co-Products and Energy (Final Report)

Technical Report Posewitz, Matthew

The PACE (Producing Algae for Co-Products and Energy) consortium was comprised of scientists from national laboratories (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), research institutions (New Mexico Consortium), academic institutions (Arizona State University, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University, Washington State University) and private companies (Reliance Industries, PanPacific, Genifuel and Sonosop) dedicated to making process improvements in algal biotechnology, with an emphasis on renewable fuels and co-products from biomass. The scope of work was focused on improving algal cultivation and processing to achieve an overall energy return on investment (EROI) >3, a carbon index less than 55 grams carbon dioxide per megajoule (gCO2/MJ) and a nearly two-fold reduction in fuel cost to ≤more »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1839024

Full Text Available
A toolkit for Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779 enables gene stacking and genetic engineering of the eicosapentaenoic acid pathway for enhanced long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production

Journal Article Poliner, Eric ; Pulman, Jane A. ; Zienkiewicz, Krzysztof ; ... - Plant Biotechnology Journal

Nannochloropsis oceanica is an oleaginous microalga rich in ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) content, in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We identified the enzymes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in N. oceanica CCMP1779 and generated multigene expression vectors aiming at increasing LC-PUFA content in vivo. We isolated the cDNAs encoding four fatty acid desaturases (FAD) and determined their function by heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. To increase the expression of multiple fatty acid desaturases in N. oceanica CCMP1779, we developed a genetic engineering toolkit that includes an endogenous bidirectional promoter and optimized peptide bond skipping 2A peptides. The toolkitmore »« less
Cited by 13
https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12772

Similar Records

Title: Efficient lipid extraction and quantification of fatty acids from algal biomass using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Removal of algae and turbidity by floating-media and sand filtration journal, August 2013

Biodiesel yields and fuel quality as criteria for algal-feedstock selection: Effects of CO2-supplementation and nutrient levels in cultures journal, March 2015

Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild mixed-cultures journal, February 2011

Extraction of Bio‐oils from Microalgae journal, December 2009

Lipid sovent systems are not equivalent for analysis of lipid classes in the microeukaryotic green alga, Chlorella journal, July 1988

Recent trends in the impurity profile of pharmaceuticals journal, January 2010

A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis sp. microalga – Extraction of oils and pigments. Production of biohydrogen from the leftover biomass journal, May 2013

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation journal, January 1996

Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum journal, January 2004

Comparative Analyses of Three Chlorella Species in Response to Light and Sugar Reveal Distinctive Lipid Accumulation Patterns in the Microalga C. sorokiniana journal, April 2014

Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production journal, September 2014

Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae journal, January 2010

Lipid extraction from biomass using co-solvent mixtures of ionic liquids and polar covalent molecules journal, March 2010

Pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extractions for the recovery of triacylglycerols from microalgae: a practical tool for algal biofuels research journal, December 2011

Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review journal, January 2010

Effect of temperature and moisture on high pressure lipid/oil extraction from microalgae journal, December 2014

Microalgae as a raw material for biofuels production journal, November 2008

Extraction of hydrocarbon contamination from soils using accelerated solvent extraction journal, April 2000

Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel journal, January 2007

Biodiesel from microalgae journal, May 2007

Effect of nitrogen limitation on cell growth, lipid accumulation and gene expression in Chlorella sorokiniana journal, June 2015

A comparative study on effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction from microalgae: Effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction journal, June 2011

High Photosynthetic Productivity of Green Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana journal, January 2000

The use of Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology to optimize biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous marine green alga, Nannochloropsis gaditana in response to light intensity, inoculum size and CO 2 journal, May 2015

Outdoor pilot-scale production of Nannochloropsis gaditana : Influence of culture parameters and lipid production rates in tubular photobioreactors journal, October 2014

Biodiesel quality and biochemical changes of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus in response to nitrate levels journal, October 2014

Lipid storage compounds in raw activated sludge microorganisms for biofuels and oleochemicals production journal, January 2012

Investigation of high pressure steaming (HPS) as a thermal treatment for lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris journal, July 2014

A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification journal, January 1959

Production of astaxanthin by the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis in the dark journal, February 2005

Evaluation of different solvent mixtures in esterifiable lipids extraction from microalgae Botryococcus braunii for biodiesel production journal, February 2016

Trichosarcina polymorpha Gen. et Sp. Nov. journal, March 1965

Optimization of an Analytical Procedure for Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae journal, July 2011

Comparison of biomass and lipid production under ambient carbon dioxide vigorous aeration and 3% carbon dioxide condition among the lead candidate Chlorella strains screened by various photobioreactor scales journal, December 2015

Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties journal, January 2009

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga journal, December 2005

Ionic liquid-mediated extraction of lipids from algal biomass journal, April 2012

Pressurized fluid extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata journal, December 2012

Accelerated solvent extraction of lipids for determining the fatty acid composition of biological material journal, January 1998

Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from the Treatment of Manure Effluent journal, July 2009

Advances in microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production: a review: Microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production journal, August 2018

Microalgae cultivation using palm oil mill effluent as growth medium for lipid production with the effect of CO2 supply and light intensity journal, November 2019

Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production journal, January 2018

Removal of algae and turbidity by floating-media and sand filtration
journal, August 2013

Biodiesel yields and fuel quality as criteria for algal-feedstock selection: Effects of CO2-supplementation and nutrient levels in cultures
journal, March 2015

Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild mixed-cultures
journal, February 2011

Extraction of Bio‐oils from Microalgae
journal, December 2009

Lipid sovent systems are not equivalent for analysis of lipid classes in the microeukaryotic green alga, Chlorella
journal, July 1988

Recent trends in the impurity profile of pharmaceuticals
journal, January 2010

A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis sp. microalga – Extraction of oils and pigments. Production of biohydrogen from the leftover biomass
journal, May 2013

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation
journal, January 1996

Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum
journal, January 2004

Comparative Analyses of Three Chlorella Species in Response to Light and Sugar Reveal Distinctive Lipid Accumulation Patterns in the Microalga C. sorokiniana
journal, April 2014

Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production
journal, September 2014

Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae
journal, January 2010

Lipid extraction from biomass using co-solvent mixtures of ionic liquids and polar covalent molecules
journal, March 2010

Pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extractions for the recovery of triacylglycerols from microalgae: a practical tool for algal biofuels research
journal, December 2011

Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review
journal, January 2010

Effect of temperature and moisture on high pressure lipid/oil extraction from microalgae
journal, December 2014

Microalgae as a raw material for biofuels production
journal, November 2008

Extraction of hydrocarbon contamination from soils using accelerated solvent extraction
journal, April 2000

Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel
journal, January 2007

Biodiesel from microalgae
journal, May 2007

Effect of nitrogen limitation on cell growth, lipid accumulation and gene expression in Chlorella sorokiniana
journal, June 2015

A comparative study on effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction from microalgae: Effective cell disruption methods for lipid extraction
journal, June 2011

High Photosynthetic Productivity of Green Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana
journal, January 2000

The use of Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology to optimize biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous marine green alga, Nannochloropsis gaditana in response to light intensity, inoculum size and CO 2
journal, May 2015

Outdoor pilot-scale production of Nannochloropsis gaditana : Influence of culture parameters and lipid production rates in tubular photobioreactors
journal, October 2014

Biodiesel quality and biochemical changes of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus in response to nitrate levels
journal, October 2014

Lipid storage compounds in raw activated sludge microorganisms for biofuels and oleochemicals production
journal, January 2012

Investigation of high pressure steaming (HPS) as a thermal treatment for lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris
journal, July 2014

A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification
journal, January 1959

Production of astaxanthin by the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis in the dark
journal, February 2005

Evaluation of different solvent mixtures in esterifiable lipids extraction from microalgae Botryococcus braunii for biodiesel production
journal, February 2016

Trichosarcina polymorpha Gen. et Sp. Nov.
journal, March 1965

Optimization of an Analytical Procedure for Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae
journal, July 2011

Comparison of biomass and lipid production under ambient carbon dioxide vigorous aeration and 3% carbon dioxide condition among the lead candidate Chlorella strains screened by various photobioreactor scales
journal, December 2015

Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties
journal, January 2009

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga
journal, December 2005

Ionic liquid-mediated extraction of lipids from algal biomass
journal, April 2012

Pressurized fluid extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata
journal, December 2012

Accelerated solvent extraction of lipids for determining the fatty acid composition of biological material
journal, January 1998

Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from the Treatment of Manure Effluent
journal, July 2009

Advances in microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production: a review: Microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production
journal, August 2018

Microalgae cultivation using palm oil mill effluent as growth medium for lipid production with the effect of CO2 supply and light intensity
journal, November 2019

Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production
journal, January 2018