Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms
Abstract
The substorm process releases large amounts of energy into the magnetospheric system, although where the energy is transferred to and how it is partitioned remains an open question. In this study, we address whether the substorm process contributes a significant amount of energy to the ring current. The ring current is a highly variable region, and understanding the energization processes provides valuable insight into how substorm-ring current coupling may contribute to the generation of storm conditions and provide a source of energy for wave driving. In order to quantify the energy input into the ring current during the substorm process, we analyze Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment and Helium Oxygen Proton Electron ion flux measurements for H+, O+, and He+. The energy content of the ring current is estimated and binned spatially for L and magnetic local time. The results are combined with an independently derived substorm event list to perform a statistical analysis of variations in the ring current energy content with substorm phase. We show that the ring current energy is significantly higher in the expansion phase compared to the growth phase, with the energy enhancement persisting into the substorm recovery phase. The characteristics of themore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Space and Climate Physics. Mullard Space Science Lab.
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Applied Physics Lab.
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
- Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (United Kingdom); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (United Kingdom)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1484669
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-18-28975
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; NNN06AA01C; NAS5-01072; ST/N0007722/1; NE/L007495/1; NE/N014480/1; NE/L007177/1
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Physics
Citation Formats
Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Freeman, M. P., Forsyth, C., Gkioulidou, M., Reeves, G. D., Spence, H. E., Jackman, C. M., and Lam, M. M. Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018JA025766.
Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Freeman, M. P., Forsyth, C., Gkioulidou, M., Reeves, G. D., Spence, H. E., Jackman, C. M., & Lam, M. M. Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms. United States. doi:10.1029/2018JA025766.
Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Freeman, M. P., Forsyth, C., Gkioulidou, M., Reeves, G. D., Spence, H. E., Jackman, C. M., and Lam, M. M. Mon .
"Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms". United States. doi:10.1029/2018JA025766. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1484669.
@article{osti_1484669,
title = {Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms},
author = {Sandhu, J. K. and Rae, I. J. and Freeman, M. P. and Forsyth, C. and Gkioulidou, M. and Reeves, G. D. and Spence, H. E. and Jackman, C. M. and Lam, M. M.},
abstractNote = {The substorm process releases large amounts of energy into the magnetospheric system, although where the energy is transferred to and how it is partitioned remains an open question. In this study, we address whether the substorm process contributes a significant amount of energy to the ring current. The ring current is a highly variable region, and understanding the energization processes provides valuable insight into how substorm-ring current coupling may contribute to the generation of storm conditions and provide a source of energy for wave driving. In order to quantify the energy input into the ring current during the substorm process, we analyze Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment and Helium Oxygen Proton Electron ion flux measurements for H+, O+, and He+. The energy content of the ring current is estimated and binned spatially for L and magnetic local time. The results are combined with an independently derived substorm event list to perform a statistical analysis of variations in the ring current energy content with substorm phase. We show that the ring current energy is significantly higher in the expansion phase compared to the growth phase, with the energy enhancement persisting into the substorm recovery phase. The characteristics of the energy enhancement suggest the injection of energized ions from the tail plasma sheet following substorm onset. The local time variations indicate a loss of energetic H+ ions in the afternoon sector, likely due to wave-particle interactions. Overall, we find that the average energy input into the ring current is ~9% of the previously reported energy released during substorms.},
doi = {10.1029/2018JA025766},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 10,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {9}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Association of substorm chorus events with drift echoes
journal, January 2006
- Abel, G. A.; Freeman, M. P.; Smith, A. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A11
The Growth of the Storm-Time Radiation Belt and the Magnetospheric Substorm
journal, June 1968
- Akasofu, Syun-Tchi
- Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2
Magnetic storms and magnetotail currents
journal, April 1996
- Alexeev, I. I.; Belenkaya, E. S.; Kalegaev, V. V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A4
A statistical study of Pc 3–5 pulsations observed by the AMPTE/CCE Magnetic Fields Experiment, 1. Occurrence distributions
journal, January 1990
- Anderson, B. J.; Engebretson, M. J.; Rounds, S. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A7
Modeling the contributions of ring, tail, and magnetopause currents to the corrected Dst index : CONTRIBUTIONS TO CORRECTED
journal, December 2010
- Asikainen, T.; Maliniemi, V.; Mursula, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A12
Inward motion of the magnetopause before a substorm
journal, December 1970
- Aubry, Michel P.; Russell, Christopher T.; Kivelson, Margaret G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 34
Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view
journal, June 1996
- Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Angelopoulos, V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A6
Magnetic storm injection of 0.9- to 16-keV/e solar and terrestrial ions into the high-altitude magnetosphere
journal, January 1980
- Balsiger, H.; Eberhardt, P.; Geiss, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, Issue A4
The near-Earth plasma sheet: An AMPTE/IRM perspective
journal, January 1993
- Baumjohann, Wolfgang
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 64, Issue 1-2
Supplementary sources of geomagnetic depression during the geomagnetic storm of 8–9 February 1986
journal, June 1994
- Belova, E. G.; Maltskv, Yu. P.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 8
Characteristic plasma properties during dispersionless substorm injections at geosynchronous orbit
journal, February 1997
- Birn, J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 102, Issue A2
A statistical study of the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere at the time of substorm onset
journal, January 2009
- Boakes, P. D.; Milan, S. E.; Abel, G. A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 4
A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures: SUBSTORM INJECTION AND SOLAR WIND DRIVING
journal, January 2011
- Boakes, P. D.; Milan, S. E.; Abel, G. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A1
An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst
journal, November 1975
- Burton, R. K.; McPherron, R. L.; Russell, C. T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, Issue 31
The field levels near midnight at low and equatorial geomagnetic stations
journal, June 1973
- Campbell, W. H.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 6
Dst is not a pure ring-current index
journal, January 1996
- Campbell, Wallace H.
- Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 77, Issue 30
Failure of Dst index fields to represent a ring current
journal, August 2004
- Campbell, Wallace H.
- Space Weather, Vol. 2, Issue 8
EMIC waves observed at geosynchronous orbit during solar minimum: Statistics and excitation: EMIC WAVES AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT
journal, October 2011
- Clausen, L. B. N.; Baker, J. B. H.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A10
Cyclotron instabilities and electromagnetic emission in the ultra low frequency and very low frequency ranges
journal, January 1965
- Cornwall, John M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Adiabatic plasma convection in a dipole field: Proton forbidden-zone effects for a simple electric field model
journal, September 1976
- Cowley, S. W. H.; Ashour-Abdalla, M.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 24, Issue 9
Ring Current Dynamics
journal, December 2006
- Daglis, Ioannis A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 124, Issue 1-4
Fast ionospheric response to enhanced activity in geospace: Ion feeding of the inner magnetotail
journal, March 1996
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Axford, W. Ian
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A3
Particle Acceleration in the Frame of the Storm–Substorm Relation
journal, August 2004
- Daglis, I. A.; Delcourt, D.; Metallinou, F. -A.
- IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 32, Issue 4
Energy density of ionospheric and solar wind origin ions in the near-Earth magnetotail during substorms
journal, January 1994
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Livi, Stefano; Sarris, Emmanuel T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 99, Issue A4
The terrestrial ring current: Origin, formation, and decay
journal, November 1999
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Thorne, Richard M.; Baumjohann, Wolfgang
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 37, Issue 4
Particle acceleration by inductive electric fields in the inner magnetosphere
journal, March 2002
- Delcourt, D. C.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 64, Issue 5-6
Hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms
journal, December 1959
- Dessler, A. J.; Parker, E. N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 64, Issue 12
Observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms: Wave occurrence and pitch angle scattering
journal, March 2001
- Erlandson, R. E.; Ukhorskiy, A. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A3
Modeling of inner plasma sheet and ring current during substorms
journal, July 1999
- Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Delcourt, Dominique C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 104, Issue A7
Three-Dimensional Ring Current Decay Model
journal, January 1995
- Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Kozyra, Janet U.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, Issue A6
Increases in plasma sheet temperature with solar wind driving during substorm growth phases: Growth Phase PS Temperature
journal, December 2014
- Forsyth, C.; Watt, C. E. J.; Rae, I. J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 24
Composition signatures in ion injections and its dependence on geomagnetic conditions
journal, January 2002
- Fu, S. Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A10
Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, March 2013
- Funsten, H. O.; Skoug, R. M.; Guthrie, A. A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Defining and resolving current systems in geospace
journal, January 2015
- Ganushkina, N. Y.; Liemohn, M. W.; Dubyagin, S.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 33, Issue 11
Role of substorm-associated impulsive electric fields in the ring current development during storms
journal, January 2005
- Ganushkina, N. Yu.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Fritz, T.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 23, Issue 2
The SuperMAG data processing technique: TECHNIQUE
journal, September 2012
- Gjerloev, J. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A9
Storm time dynamics of ring current protons: Implications for the long‐term energy budget in the inner magnetosphere
journal, May 2016
- Gkioulidou, Matina; Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Mitchell, D. G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 10
First composition measurement of the bulk of the storm-time ring current (1 to 300 keV/e) with AMPTE-CCE
journal, May 1985
- Gloeckler, G.; Wilken, B.; Stüdemann, W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Dual-peak solar cycle distribution of intense geomagnetic storms
journal, February 1990
- Gonzalez, W. D.; Gonzalez, A. L. C.; Tsurutani, B. T.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 38, Issue 2
A test of the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation during magnetic storms
journal, March 2000
- Greenspan, M. E.; Hamilton, D. C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Survey of dispersionless substorm ion injections observed by CRRES
journal, January 1998
- Hall, A. M.; Perry, C. H.; Grande, M.
- Advances in Space Research, Vol. 21, Issue 4
Ring current development during the great geomagnetic storm of February 1986
journal, January 1988
- Hamilton, D. C.; Gloeckler, G.; Ipavich, F. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A12
Higher-order ring currents and particle energy storage in the magnetosphere
journal, December 1967
- Hoffman, R. A.; Brachen, P. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72, Issue 23
Nonadiabatic heating of the central plasma sheet at substorm onset
journal, January 1992
- Huang, C. Y.; Frank, L. A.; Rostoker, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, Issue A2
Storm-time magnetospheric currents inferred from mid-latitude geomagnetic field variations.
journal, January 1990
- Iyemori, Toshihiko
- Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, Vol. 42, Issue 11
Collisional losses of ring current ions
journal, January 1996
- Jordanova, V. K.; Kistler, L. M.; Kozyra, J. U.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A1
Global energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements and their association with the Dst index
journal, December 1997
- Jorgensen, A. M.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 24, Issue 24
Is Substorm Occurrence a Necessary Condition for a Magnetic Storm?
journal, January 1992
- Kamide, Y.
- Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Spatial variations in the suprathermal ion distributions during substorms in the plasma sheet
journal, January 1990
- Kistler, L. M.; Möbius, E.; Klecker, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A11
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP
journal, June 2013
- Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Magnetic storm of September 4, 1984: A synthesis of ring current spectra and energy densities measured with AMPTE/CCE
journal, May 1985
- Krimigis, S. M.; Gloeckler, G.; McEntire, R. W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Deformation of a magnetic dipole field by trapped particles
journal, June 1970
- Lackner, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 16
A two-component solar cycle
journal, January 1991
- Legrand, J. P.; Simon, P. A.
- Solar Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 1
Substorm effects on the plasma sheet ion composition on March 22, 1979 (CDAW 6)
journal, January 1985
- Lennartsson, W.; Sharp, R. D.; Zwickl, R. D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 90, Issue A2
Yet another caveat to using the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation
journal, January 2003
- Liemohn, M. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A6
Lognormal form of the ring current energy content
journal, May 2003
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 65, Issue 7
Analysis of early phase ring current recovery mechanisms during geomagnetic storms
journal, September 1999
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.; Jordanova, V. K.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 18
Dominant role of the asymmetric ring current in producing the stormtime Dst *
journal, June 2001
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.; Thomsen, M. F.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A6
Relative contribution of electrons to the stormtime total ring current energy content
journal, January 2005
- Liu, S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 3
The energetic ion substorm injection boundary
journal, January 1990
- Lopez, R. E.; Sibeck, D. G.; McEntire, R. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A1
Current controversies in magnetospheric physics
journal, November 2001
- Lui, A. T. Y.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 39, Issue 4
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, September 2012
- Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Correlation of Kp with the substorm-injected plasma boundary
journal, August 1974
- Mauk, Barry H.; McIlwain, Carl E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Issue 22
An experimental test of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability within the earth’s magnetosphere
journal, January 1980
- Mauk, B. H.; McPherron, R. L.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Growth phase of magnetospheric substorms
journal, October 1970
- McPherron, Robert L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 28
Variation of the magnetopause position with substorm activity
journal, June 1970
- Meng, C. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 16
A superposed epoch analysis of auroral evolution during substorm growth, onset and recovery: open magnetic flux control of substorm intensity
journal, January 2009
- Milan, S. E.; Grocott, A.; Forsyth, C.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, Issue 2
Magnetic flux transport in the Dungey cycle: A survey of dayside and nightside reconnection rates: FLUX TRANSPORT IN THE DUNGEY CYCLE
journal, January 2007
- Milan, S. E.; Provan, G.; Hubert, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 112, Issue A1
Empirical model of proton fluxes in the equatorial inner magnetosphere: Development
journal, November 2001
- Milillo, A.; Orsini, S.; Daglis, I. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A11
Global distribution of EMIC waves derived from THEMIS observations: GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMIC WAVES
journal, May 2012
- Min, Kyungguk; Lee, Jeongwoo; Keika, Kunihiro
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A5
Global imaging of O + from IMAGE/HENA
journal, January 2003
- Mitchell, Donald G.; C:son Brandt, Pontus; Roelof, Edmond C.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 1-4
Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE)
journal, April 2013
- Mitchell, D. G.; Lanzerotti, L. J.; Kim, C. K.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Multipoint observations of Pc1-2 waves in the afternoon sector: MULTIPOINT OBSERVATIONS OF PC1-2
journal, September 2009
- Morley, Steven K.; Ables, Sean T.; Sciffer, Murray D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9
Evaluation of SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices as indicators of substorms and auroral power: SUPERMAG AURORAL ELECTROJET INDICES
journal, December 2011
- Newell, P. T.; Gjerloev, J. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A12
Estimation of magnetic field mapping accuracy using the pulsating aurora-chorus connection: MAGNETIC MAPPING WITH CHORUS AND AURORA
journal, July 2011
- Nishimura, Y.; Bortnik, J.; Li, W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 14
Overwhelming O + contribution to the plasma sheet energy density during the October 2003 superstorm: Geotail/EPIC and IMAGE/LENA observations : O
journal, August 2005
- Nosé, M.; Taguchi, S.; Hosokawa, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 110, Issue A9
An empirical phase space analysis of ring current dynamics: Solar wind control of injection and decay
journal, April 2000
- O'Brien, T. Paul; McPherron, Robert L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A4
Storm-substorm relationship: Variations of the hydrogen and oxygen energetic neutral atom intensities during storm-time substorms
journal, January 2005
- Ohtani, S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A7
Storm-substorm relationship: Contribution of the tail current to Dst
journal, October 2001
- Ohtani, S.; Nosé, M.; Rostoker, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A10
Modeling the properties of high- m Alfvén waves driven by the drift-bounce resonance mechanism
journal, August 2001
- Ozeke, L. G.; Mann, I. R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A8
Multi-satellite measurements of the substorm injection region
journal, October 1990
- Reeves, G. D.; Fritz, T. A.; Cayton, T. E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11
The storm-substorm relationship: Ion injections in geosynchronous measurements and composite energetic neutral atom images
journal, April 2001
- Reeves, G. D.; Henderson, M. G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A4
OGO 3 observations of ELF noise in the magnetosphere: 2. The nature of the equatorial noise
journal, February 1970
- Russell, Christopher T.; Holzer, Robert E.; Smith, Edward J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 4
The magnetotail and substorms
journal, January 1973
- Russell, C. T.; McPherron, R. L.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 2-3
Observations of magnetospheric bursts of high-energy protons and electrons at ∼35 R E with Imp 7
journal, May 1976
- Sarris, E. T.; Krimigis, S. M.; Armstrong, T. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 81, Issue 13
A general relation between the energy of trapped particles and the disturbance field near the Earth
journal, July 1966
- Sckopke, Norbert
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 71, Issue 13
On storm weakening during substorm expansion phase
journal, January 1997
- Siscoe, G. L.; Petschek, H. E.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Inference of the ring current ion composition by means of charge exchange decay
journal, January 1981
- Smith, Paul H.; Bewtra, N. K.; Hoffman, R. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 86, Issue A5
A general approach to low-frequency instability in the ring current plasma
journal, July 1976
- Southwood, D. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 81, Issue 19
Bounce resonant interaction between pulsations and trapped particles
journal, March 1969
- Southwood, D. J.; Dungey, J. W.; Etherington, R. J.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 17, Issue 3
A self consistent ring current in the earth's dipole field
journal, March 1969
- Sozou, C.; Windle, D. W.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Non-linear symmetric inflation of a magnetic dipole
journal, May 1969
- Sozou, C.; Windle, D. W.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Satellite-Measured Radiation
journal, May 1959
- Stuart, G. W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 10
What do we expect in magnetic activity in the current solar cycle?
journal, January 1980
- Sugiura, Masahisa
- Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 61, Issue 43
On the formation of the storm-time ring current belt
journal, March 2000
- Sun, W.; Akasofu, S. -I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Dayside magnetopause models
journal, October 1999
- Suvorova, A. V.; Dmitriev, A. V.; Kuznetsov, S. N.
- Radiation Measurements, Vol. 30, Issue 5
Azimuthal propagation and frequency characteristic of compressional Pc 5 waves observed at geostationary orbit
journal, January 1985
- Takahashi, Kazue; Higbie, Paul R.; Baker, Daniel N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 90, Issue A2
A simulation of the storm-time ring current
journal, September 1990
- Takahashi, Shun; Iyemori, Toshihiko; Takeda, Masahiko
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 38, Issue 9
Substorm energy budget during low and high solar activity: 1997 and 1999 compared
journal, January 2002
- Tanskanen, E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A6
Two-satellite observations of substorm injections at geosynchronous orbit
journal, May 2001
- Thomsen, M. F.; Birn, J.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A5
Modeling the Earth's magnetospheric magnetic field confined within a realistic magnetopause
journal, January 1995
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, Issue A4
Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review
journal, January 2013
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 31, Issue 10
Modeling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms
journal, January 2005
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3
Magnetospheric configurations from a high-resolution data-based magnetic field model: MAGNETOSPHERIC HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL
journal, June 2007
- Tsyganenko, N. A.; Sitnov, M. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 112, Issue A6
Evaluation of the tail current contribution to Dst
journal, March 2000
- Turner, N. E.; Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the decay and injection of the ring current
journal, January 2003
- Wang, C. B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A9
Ring current composition and sources: An update
journal, November 1981
- Williams, D. J.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 29, Issue 11
A comprehensive investigation of compressional ULF waves observed in the ring current
journal, January 1990
- Woch, J.; Kremser, G.; Korth, A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A9
Experimental evidence on the role of the large spatial scale electric field in creating the ring current
journal, December 1998
- Wygant, J.; Rowland, D.; Singer, H. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A12
ULF waves with drift resonance and drift-bounce resonance energy sources as observed in artificially-induced HF radar backscatter
journal, January 2001
- Yeoman, T. K.; Wright, D. M.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Correlations of magnetospheric ion composition with geomagnetic and solar activity
journal, January 1982
- Young, D. T.; Balsiger, H.; Geiss, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue A11
In situ observations of EMIC waves in O + band by the Van Allen Probe A
journal, March 2015
- Yu, Xiongdong; Yuan, Zhigang; Wang, Dedong
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 5
Works referencing / citing this record:
Is Substorm Occurrence a Necessary Condition for a Magnetic Storm?
journal, January 1992
- Kamide, Y.
- Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Correlations of magnetospheric ion composition with geomagnetic and solar activity
journal, January 1982
- Young, D. T.; Balsiger, H.; Geiss, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue A11
Substorm energy budget during low and high solar activity: 1997 and 1999 compared
journal, January 2002
- Tanskanen, E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A6
An experimental test of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability within the earth’s magnetosphere
journal, January 1980
- Mauk, B. H.; McPherron, R. L.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Non-linear symmetric inflation of a magnetic dipole
journal, May 1969
- Sozou, C.; Windle, D. W.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Satellite-Measured Radiation
journal, May 1959
- Stuart, G. W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 10
A self consistent ring current in the earth's dipole field
journal, March 1969
- Sozou, C.; Windle, D. W.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Role of substorm-associated impulsive electric fields in the ring current development during storms
journal, January 2005
- Ganushkina, N. Yu.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Fritz, T.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Correlation of Kp with the substorm-injected plasma boundary
journal, August 1974
- Mauk, Barry H.; McIlwain, Carl E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Issue 22
Modeling the contributions of ring, tail, and magnetopause currents to the corrected Dst index : CONTRIBUTIONS TO CORRECTED
journal, December 2010
- Asikainen, T.; Maliniemi, V.; Mursula, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A12
A statistical study of the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere at the time of substorm onset
journal, January 2009
- Boakes, P. D.; Milan, S. E.; Abel, G. A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 4
Nonadiabatic heating of the central plasma sheet at substorm onset
journal, January 1992
- Huang, C. Y.; Frank, L. A.; Rostoker, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, Issue A2
Inward motion of the magnetopause before a substorm
journal, December 1970
- Aubry, Michel P.; Russell, Christopher T.; Kivelson, Margaret G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 34
Energy density of ionospheric and solar wind origin ions in the near-Earth magnetotail during substorms
journal, January 1994
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Livi, Stefano; Sarris, Emmanuel T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 99, Issue A4
Survey of dispersionless substorm ion injections observed by CRRES
journal, January 1998
- Hall, A. M.; Perry, C. H.; Grande, M.
- Advances in Space Research, Vol. 21, Issue 4
Ring Current Dynamics
journal, December 2006
- Daglis, Ioannis A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 124, Issue 1-4
Particle Acceleration in the Frame of the Storm–Substorm Relation
journal, August 2004
- Daglis, I. A.; Delcourt, D.; Metallinou, F. -A.
- IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 32, Issue 4
Evaluation of the tail current contribution to Dst
journal, March 2000
- Turner, N. E.; Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Higher-order ring currents and particle energy storage in the magnetosphere
journal, December 1967
- Hoffman, R. A.; Brachen, P. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72, Issue 23
Influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the decay and injection of the ring current
journal, January 2003
- Wang, C. B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A9
A simulation of the storm-time ring current
journal, September 1990
- Takahashi, Shun; Iyemori, Toshihiko; Takeda, Masahiko
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 38, Issue 9
Modeling the Earth's magnetospheric magnetic field confined within a realistic magnetopause
journal, January 1995
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, Issue A4
Azimuthal propagation and frequency characteristic of compressional Pc 5 waves observed at geostationary orbit
journal, January 1985
- Takahashi, Kazue; Higbie, Paul R.; Baker, Daniel N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 90, Issue A2
Collisional losses of ring current ions
journal, January 1996
- Jordanova, V. K.; Kistler, L. M.; Kozyra, J. U.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A1
Multi-satellite measurements of the substorm injection region
journal, October 1990
- Reeves, G. D.; Fritz, T. A.; Cayton, T. E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11
Relative contribution of electrons to the stormtime total ring current energy content
journal, January 2005
- Liu, S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Spatial variations in the suprathermal ion distributions during substorms in the plasma sheet
journal, January 1990
- Kistler, L. M.; Möbius, E.; Klecker, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A11
Modeling the properties of high- m Alfvén waves driven by the drift-bounce resonance mechanism
journal, August 2001
- Ozeke, L. G.; Mann, I. R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A8
A general approach to low-frequency instability in the ring current plasma
journal, July 1976
- Southwood, D. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 81, Issue 19
Modeling of inner plasma sheet and ring current during substorms
journal, July 1999
- Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Delcourt, Dominique C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 104, Issue A7
Storm-time magnetospheric currents inferred from mid-latitude geomagnetic field variations.
journal, January 1990
- Iyemori, Toshihiko
- Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, Vol. 42, Issue 11
Lognormal form of the ring current energy content
journal, May 2003
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 65, Issue 7
Dst is not a pure ring-current index
journal, January 1996
- Campbell, Wallace H.
- Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 77, Issue 30
The near-Earth plasma sheet: An AMPTE/IRM perspective
journal, January 1993
- Baumjohann, Wolfgang
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 64, Issue 1-2
Multipoint observations of Pc1-2 waves in the afternoon sector: MULTIPOINT OBSERVATIONS OF PC1-2
journal, September 2009
- Morley, Steven K.; Ables, Sean T.; Sciffer, Murray D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9
A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures: SUBSTORM INJECTION AND SOLAR WIND DRIVING
journal, January 2011
- Boakes, P. D.; Milan, S. E.; Abel, G. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A1
Storm-substorm relationship: Contribution of the tail current to Dst
journal, October 2001
- Ohtani, S.; Nosé, M.; Rostoker, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A10
Current controversies in magnetospheric physics
journal, November 2001
- Lui, A. T. Y.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 39, Issue 4
The magnetotail and substorms
journal, January 1973
- Russell, C. T.; McPherron, R. L.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 2-3
The Growth of the Storm-Time Radiation Belt and the Magnetospheric Substorm
journal, June 1968
- Akasofu, Syun-Tchi
- Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2
Global distribution of EMIC waves derived from THEMIS observations: GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMIC WAVES
journal, May 2012
- Min, Kyungguk; Lee, Jeongwoo; Keika, Kunihiro
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A5
Composition signatures in ion injections and its dependence on geomagnetic conditions
journal, January 2002
- Fu, S. Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A10
A superposed epoch analysis of auroral evolution during substorm growth, onset and recovery: open magnetic flux control of substorm intensity
journal, January 2009
- Milan, S. E.; Grocott, A.; Forsyth, C.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, Issue 2
Dual-peak solar cycle distribution of intense geomagnetic storms
journal, February 1990
- Gonzalez, W. D.; Gonzalez, A. L. C.; Tsurutani, B. T.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 38, Issue 2
Dayside magnetopause models
journal, October 1999
- Suvorova, A. V.; Dmitriev, A. V.; Kuznetsov, S. N.
- Radiation Measurements, Vol. 30, Issue 5
In situ observations of EMIC waves in O + band by the Van Allen Probe A
journal, March 2015
- Yu, Xiongdong; Yuan, Zhigang; Wang, Dedong
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 5
OGO 3 observations of ELF noise in the magnetosphere: 2. The nature of the equatorial noise
journal, February 1970
- Russell, Christopher T.; Holzer, Robert E.; Smith, Edward J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 4
Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view
journal, June 1996
- Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Angelopoulos, V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A6
Experimental evidence on the role of the large spatial scale electric field in creating the ring current
journal, December 1998
- Wygant, J.; Rowland, D.; Singer, H. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A12
Deformation of a magnetic dipole field by trapped particles
journal, June 1970
- Lackner, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 16
The SuperMAG data processing technique: TECHNIQUE
journal, September 2012
- Gjerloev, J. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A9
Growth phase of magnetospheric substorms
journal, October 1970
- McPherron, Robert L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 28
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, September 2012
- Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
On the formation of the storm-time ring current belt
journal, March 2000
- Sun, W.; Akasofu, S. -I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review
journal, January 2013
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 31, Issue 10
A statistical study of Pc 3–5 pulsations observed by the AMPTE/CCE Magnetic Fields Experiment, 1. Occurrence distributions
journal, January 1990
- Anderson, B. J.; Engebretson, M. J.; Rounds, S. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A7
Storm-substorm relationship: Variations of the hydrogen and oxygen energetic neutral atom intensities during storm-time substorms
journal, January 2005
- Ohtani, S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A7
On storm weakening during substorm expansion phase
journal, January 1997
- Siscoe, G. L.; Petschek, H. E.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 15, Issue 2
The field levels near midnight at low and equatorial geomagnetic stations
journal, June 1973
- Campbell, W. H.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 6
A general relation between the energy of trapped particles and the disturbance field near the Earth
journal, July 1966
- Sckopke, Norbert
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 71, Issue 13
Modeling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms
journal, January 2005
- Tsyganenko, N. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3
Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, March 2013
- Funsten, H. O.; Skoug, R. M.; Guthrie, A. A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
The energetic ion substorm injection boundary
journal, January 1990
- Lopez, R. E.; Sibeck, D. G.; McEntire, R. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A1
Global energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements and their association with the Dst index
journal, December 1997
- Jorgensen, A. M.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 24, Issue 24
An empirical phase space analysis of ring current dynamics: Solar wind control of injection and decay
journal, April 2000
- O'Brien, T. Paul; McPherron, Robert L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A4
Magnetic storm injection of 0.9- to 16-keV/e solar and terrestrial ions into the high-altitude magnetosphere
journal, January 1980
- Balsiger, H.; Eberhardt, P.; Geiss, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, Issue A4
Three-Dimensional Ring Current Decay Model
journal, January 1995
- Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Kozyra, Janet U.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, Issue A6
Two-satellite observations of substorm injections at geosynchronous orbit
journal, May 2001
- Thomsen, M. F.; Birn, J.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A5
Estimation of magnetic field mapping accuracy using the pulsating aurora-chorus connection: MAGNETIC MAPPING WITH CHORUS AND AURORA
journal, July 2011
- Nishimura, Y.; Bortnik, J.; Li, W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 14
Global imaging of O + from IMAGE/HENA
journal, January 2003
- Mitchell, Donald G.; C:son Brandt, Pontus; Roelof, Edmond C.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 1-4
Hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms
journal, December 1959
- Dessler, A. J.; Parker, E. N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 64, Issue 12
Particle acceleration by inductive electric fields in the inner magnetosphere
journal, March 2002
- Delcourt, D. C.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 64, Issue 5-6
Association of substorm chorus events with drift echoes
journal, January 2006
- Abel, G. A.; Freeman, M. P.; Smith, A. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A11
Cyclotron instabilities and electromagnetic emission in the ultra low frequency and very low frequency ranges
journal, January 1965
- Cornwall, John M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Analysis of early phase ring current recovery mechanisms during geomagnetic storms
journal, September 1999
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.; Jordanova, V. K.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 18
An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst
journal, November 1975
- Burton, R. K.; McPherron, R. L.; Russell, C. T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, Issue 31
A test of the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation during magnetic storms
journal, March 2000
- Greenspan, M. E.; Hamilton, D. C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3
Observations of magnetospheric bursts of high-energy protons and electrons at ∼35 R E with Imp 7
journal, May 1976
- Sarris, E. T.; Krimigis, S. M.; Armstrong, T. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 81, Issue 13
Increases in plasma sheet temperature with solar wind driving during substorm growth phases: Growth Phase PS Temperature
journal, December 2014
- Forsyth, C.; Watt, C. E. J.; Rae, I. J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 24
Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
A two-component solar cycle
journal, January 1991
- Legrand, J. P.; Simon, P. A.
- Solar Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 1
Magnetospheric configurations from a high-resolution data-based magnetic field model: MAGNETOSPHERIC HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL
journal, June 2007
- Tsyganenko, N. A.; Sitnov, M. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 112, Issue A6
The terrestrial ring current: Origin, formation, and decay
journal, November 1999
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Thorne, Richard M.; Baumjohann, Wolfgang
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 37, Issue 4
Variation of the magnetopause position with substorm activity
journal, June 1970
- Meng, C. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 16
Overwhelming O + contribution to the plasma sheet energy density during the October 2003 superstorm: Geotail/EPIC and IMAGE/LENA observations : O
journal, August 2005
- Nosé, M.; Taguchi, S.; Hosokawa, K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 110, Issue A9
EMIC waves observed at geosynchronous orbit during solar minimum: Statistics and excitation: EMIC WAVES AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT
journal, October 2011
- Clausen, L. B. N.; Baker, J. B. H.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A10
Characteristic plasma properties during dispersionless substorm injections at geosynchronous orbit
journal, February 1997
- Birn, J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 102, Issue A2
Dominant role of the asymmetric ring current in producing the stormtime Dst *
journal, June 2001
- Liemohn, M. W.; Kozyra, J. U.; Thomsen, M. F.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A6
Fast ionospheric response to enhanced activity in geospace: Ion feeding of the inner magnetotail
journal, March 1996
- Daglis, Ioannis A.; Axford, W. Ian
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A3
A comprehensive investigation of compressional ULF waves observed in the ring current
journal, January 1990
- Woch, J.; Kremser, G.; Korth, A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A9
The Variation of Resonating Magnetospheric Field Lines With Changing Geomagnetic and Solar Wind Conditions
journal, July 2019
- Wharton, S. J.; Wright, D. M.; Yeoman, T. K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 7
Defining and resolving current systems in geospace
journal, January 2015
- Ganushkina, N. Y.; Liemohn, M. W.; Dubyagin, S.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 33, Issue 11
Yet another caveat to using the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation
journal, January 2003
- Liemohn, M. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A6
Magnetic flux transport in the Dungey cycle: A survey of dayside and nightside reconnection rates: FLUX TRANSPORT IN THE DUNGEY CYCLE
journal, January 2007
- Milan, S. E.; Provan, G.; Hubert, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 112, Issue A1
Ring current development during the great geomagnetic storm of February 1986
journal, January 1988
- Hamilton, D. C.; Gloeckler, G.; Ipavich, F. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A12
Evaluation of SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices as indicators of substorms and auroral power: SUPERMAG AURORAL ELECTROJET INDICES
journal, December 2011
- Newell, P. T.; Gjerloev, J. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A12
Adiabatic plasma convection in a dipole field: Proton forbidden-zone effects for a simple electric field model
journal, September 1976
- Cowley, S. W. H.; Ashour-Abdalla, M.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 24, Issue 9
First composition measurement of the bulk of the storm-time ring current (1 to 300 keV/e) with AMPTE-CCE
journal, May 1985
- Gloeckler, G.; Wilken, B.; Stüdemann, W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5
The Influence of Substorms on Extreme Rates of Change of the Surface Horizontal Magnetic Field in the United Kingdom
journal, June 2019
- Freeman, Mervyn P.; Forsyth, Colin; Rae, I. Jonathan
- Space Weather, Vol. 17, Issue 6
How Do Ultra‐Low Frequency Waves Access the Inner Magnetosphere During Geomagnetic Storms?
journal, October 2019
- Rae, I. Jonathan; Murphy, Kyle R.; Watt, Clare E. J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 19
Substorm‐Ring Current Coupling: A Comparison of Isolated and Compound Substorms
journal, August 2019
- Sandhu, J. K.; Rae, I. J.; Freeman, M. P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 8