Observational tests of the black hole area increase law

Cabero, Miriam; Capano, Collin D.; Fischer-Birnholtz, Ofek; Krishnan, Badri; Nielsen, Alex B.; Nitz, Alexander H.; Biwer, Christopher Michael

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124069

Title: Observational tests of the black hole area increase law

Journal Article · 28 June 2018 · Physical Review D

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124069 · OSTI ID:1484646

Cabero, Miriam ^[1]; Capano, Collin D. ^[1]; Fischer-Birnholtz, Ofek ^[2]; Krishnan, Badri ^[1]; Nielsen, Alex B. ^[1]; Nitz, Alexander H. ^[1];

^[3]

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Hannover (Germany); Leibniz Universität Hannover (Germany)
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Hannover (Germany); Leibniz Universität Hannover (Germany); Rochester Institute of Technology, NY (United States)
Syracuse Univ., NY (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

The black hole area theorem implies that when two black holes merge, the area of the final black hole should be greater than the sum of the areas of the two original black holes. In this study, we examine how this prediction can be tested with gravitational-wave observations of binary black holes. By separately fitting the early inspiral and final ringdown stages, we calculate the posterior distributions for the masses and spins of the two initial and the final black holes. This yields posterior distributions for the change in the area and thus a statistical test of the validity of the area increase law. We illustrate this method with a GW150914-like binary black hole waveform calculated using numerical relativity, and detector sensitivities representative of both the first observing run and the design configuration of Advanced LIGO. We obtain a ~74.6 % probability that the simulated signal is consistent with the area theorem with current sensitivity, improving to ~99.9 % when Advanced LIGO reaches design sensitivity. Lastly, an important ingredient in our test is a method of estimating when the postmerger signal is well fit by a damped sinusoid ringdown waveform.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1484646

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--18-24294

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 97; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Testing general relativity using gravitational wave signals from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of binary black holes Ghosh, Abhirup; Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan K.; Ghosh, Archisman arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1704.06784	text	January 2017
Black Hole Spectroscopy: Systematic Errors and Ringdown Energy Estimates Baibhav, Vishal; Berti, Emanuele; Cardoso, Vitor arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.02156	text	January 2017
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