Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon

McBride, E. E.; Krygier, A.; Ehnes, A.; Galtier, E.; Harmand, M.; Konôpková, Z.; Lee, H. J.; Liermann, H. -P.; Nagler, B.; Pelka, A.; Rödel, M.; Schropp, A.; Smith, R. F.; Spindloe, C.; Swift, D.; Tavella, F.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.; Wark, J. S.; Higginbotham, A.

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0290-x

Title: Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon

Journal Article · 24 September 2018 · Nature Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0290-x · OSTI ID:1483786

^[1]; Krygier, A. ^[2]; Ehnes, A. ^[3]; Galtier, E. ^[4];

^[2]; Konôpková, Z. ^[5]; Lee, H. J. ^[4];

^[3]; Nagler, B. ^[4]; Pelka, A. ^[6]; Rödel, M. ^[6]; Schropp, A. ^[3]; Smith, R. F. ^[7]; Spindloe, C. ^[8]; Swift, D. ^[7]; Tavella, F. ^[4]; Toleikis, S. ^[3]; Tschentscher, T. ^[9]; Wark, J. S. ^[10]; Higginbotham, A. ^[11]

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)
IMPMC, UPMC, MNHN, IRD, Paris (France)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Rutherford Appleton Lab., Didcot (United Kingdom)
European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld (Germany)
Univ. of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Univ. of York, York (United Kingdom)

Silicon, being one of the most abundant elements in nature, attracts wide-ranging scientific and technological interest. Specifically, in its elemental form, crystals of remarkable purity can be produced. One may assume that this would lead to silicon being well understood, and indeed, this is the case for many ambient properties, as well as for higher-pressure behaviour under quasi-static loading. However, despite many decades of study, a detailed understanding of the response of silicon to rapid compression—such as that experienced under shock impact—remains elusive. Here, we combine a novel free-electron laser-based X-ray diffraction geometry with laser-driven compression to elucidate the importance of shear generated during shock compression on the occurrence of phase transitions. We observe lowering of the hydrostatic phase boundary in elemental silicon, an ideal model system for investigating high-strength materials, analogous to planetary constituents. Furthermore, we unambiguously determine the onset of melting above 14 GPa, previously ascribed to a solid–solid phase transition, undetectable in the now conventional shocked diffraction geometry; transitions to the liquid state are expected to be ubiquitous in all systems at sufficiently high pressures and temperatures.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344; EP/J017256/1; ANR IRONFEL 12-PDOC-0011

OSTI ID:: 1483786

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1874865

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-830710; PII: 290

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 15; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 56 works

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