Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread
Abstract
The spread of viral pathogens both between and within hosts is inherently a spatial process. While the spatial aspects of viral spread at the epidemiological level have been increasingly well characterized, the spatial aspects of viral spread within infected hosts are still understudied. Here, with a focus on influenza A viruses (IAVs), we first review experimental studies that have shed light on the mechanisms and spatial dynamics of viral spread within hosts. These studies provide strong empirical evidence for highly localized IAV spread within hosts. Since mathematical and computational within-host models have been increasingly used to gain a quantitative understanding of observed viral dynamic patterns, we then review the (relatively few) computational modeling studies that have shed light on possible factors that structure the dynamics of spatial within-host IAV spread. These factors include the dispersal distance of virions, the localization of the immune response, and heterogeneity in host cell phenotypes across the respiratory tract. While informative, we find in these studies a striking absence of theoretical expectations of how spatial dynamics may impact the dynamics of viral populations. To mitigate this, we turn to the extensive ecological and evolutionary literature on range expansions to provide informed theoretical expectations. We findmore »
- Authors:
-
- Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Biology
- Univ. of Illinois, Champaign, IL (United States). Dept. of Microbiology. Carl R. Woese Inst. for Genomic Biology
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (United States); National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1483551
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-18-29454
Journal ID: ISSN 1999-4915
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; W911NF-17-2-0034; U54-GM111274
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Viruses
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1999-4915
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; influenza virus; within-host viral dynamics; spatial spread; within-host evolution
Citation Formats
Gallagher, Molly E., Brooke, Christopher B., Ke, Ruian, and Koelle, Katia. Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3390/v10110627.
Gallagher, Molly E., Brooke, Christopher B., Ke, Ruian, & Koelle, Katia. Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread. United States. doi:10.3390/v10110627.
Gallagher, Molly E., Brooke, Christopher B., Ke, Ruian, and Koelle, Katia. Tue .
"Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread". United States. doi:10.3390/v10110627. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1483551.
@article{osti_1483551,
title = {Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread},
author = {Gallagher, Molly E. and Brooke, Christopher B. and Ke, Ruian and Koelle, Katia},
abstractNote = {The spread of viral pathogens both between and within hosts is inherently a spatial process. While the spatial aspects of viral spread at the epidemiological level have been increasingly well characterized, the spatial aspects of viral spread within infected hosts are still understudied. Here, with a focus on influenza A viruses (IAVs), we first review experimental studies that have shed light on the mechanisms and spatial dynamics of viral spread within hosts. These studies provide strong empirical evidence for highly localized IAV spread within hosts. Since mathematical and computational within-host models have been increasingly used to gain a quantitative understanding of observed viral dynamic patterns, we then review the (relatively few) computational modeling studies that have shed light on possible factors that structure the dynamics of spatial within-host IAV spread. These factors include the dispersal distance of virions, the localization of the immune response, and heterogeneity in host cell phenotypes across the respiratory tract. While informative, we find in these studies a striking absence of theoretical expectations of how spatial dynamics may impact the dynamics of viral populations. To mitigate this, we turn to the extensive ecological and evolutionary literature on range expansions to provide informed theoretical expectations. We find that factors such as the type of density dependence, the frequency of long-distance dispersal, specific life history characteristics, and the extent of spatial heterogeneity are critical factors affecting the speed of population spread and the genetic composition of spatially expanding populations. For each factor that we identified in the theoretical literature, we draw parallels to its analog in viral populations. We end by discussing current knowledge gaps related to the spatial component of within-host IAV spread and the potential for within-host spatial considerations to inform the development of disease control strategies.},
doi = {10.3390/v10110627},
journal = {Viruses},
number = 11,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {11}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Experimental findings of within-host influenza virus spread. (A) Influenza virus spread visualized through bioluminescent imaging. The figure shows fluorescence from excised lungs of infected mice. Figure reproduced from [31]; (B) The genome and proteins of influenza virus can be transferred between cells via intercellular pathways called tunneling nanotubes.more »
Figures / Tables found in this record: