Thermalization, viscosity and the averaged null energy condition

Delacrétaz, Luca V.; Hartman, Thomas; Hartnoll, Sean A.; Lewkowycz, Aitor

doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2018)028

Title: Thermalization, viscosity and the averaged null energy condition

Journal Article · 03 October 2018 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2018)028 · OSTI ID:1483478

Delacrétaz, Luca V. ^[1]; Hartman, Thomas ^[2]; Hartnoll, Sean A. ^[3]; Lewkowycz, Aitor ^[3]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Department of Physics; Cornell University
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Department of Physics
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Department of Physics

We explore the implications of the averaged null energy condition for thermal states of relativistic quantum field theories. A key property of such thermal states is the thermalization length. This lengthscale generalizes the notion of a mean free path beyond weak coupling, and allows finite size regions to independently thermalize. Using the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, we show that thermal fluctuations in finite size 'fireballs' can produce states that violate the averaged null energy condition if the thermalization length is too short or if the shear viscosity is too large. These bounds become very weak with a large number N of degrees of freedom but can constrain real-world systems, such as the quark-gluon plasma.

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Research Organization:: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014123; SC0018134

OSTI ID:: 1483478

Journal Information:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 2018; ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer BerlinCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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