Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges

Xiao, Biwei; Rojo, Teófilo; Li, Xiaolin

doi:10.1002/cssc.201801879

Title: Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges

Journal Article · 20 November 2018 · ChemSusChem

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801879 · OSTI ID:1483022

^[1]; Rojo, Teófilo ^[2];

^[1]

Energy &, Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
CIC energiGUNE Parque Tecnológico de Álava C/ Albert Einstein 48 01510 Miñano Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU P.O. Box 664 48080 Leioa Spain

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is the state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its excellent overall performance, wide availability, and relatively low cost. Recently, tremendous effort has been invested to elucidate the sodium storage mechanism in HC, and to explore synthetic approaches that can enhance the performance and lower the cost. However, disagreements remain in the field, particularly on the fundamental questions of ion transfer and storage and the ideal HC structure for high performance. This Minireview aims to provide an analysis and summary of the theoretical limitations of HC, discrepancies in the storage mechanism, and methods to improve the performance. Finally, future research on developing ideal structured HCs, advanced electrolytes, and optimized electrolyte–electrode interphases are proposed on the basis of recent progress.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1483022

Journal Information:: ChemSusChem, Journal Name: ChemSusChem Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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