Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges
Abstract
Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is the state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its excellent overall performance, wide availability, and relatively low cost. Recently, tremendous effort has been invested to elucidate the sodium storage mechanism in HC, and to explore synthetic approaches that can enhance the performance and lower the cost. However, disagreements remain in the field, particularly on the fundamental questions of ion transfer and storage and the ideal HC structure for high performance. This Minireview aims to provide an analysis and summary of the theoretical limitations of HC, discrepancies in the storage mechanism, and methods to improve the performance. Finally, future research on developing ideal structured HCs, advanced electrolytes, and optimized electrolyte–electrode interphases are proposed on the basis of recent progress.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1]
- Energy &, Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
- CIC energiGUNE Parque Tecnológico de Álava C/ Albert Einstein 48 01510 Miñano Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU P.O. Box 664 48080 Leioa Spain
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1483022
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 70247A
- Resource Type:
- Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ChemSusChem
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: ChemSusChem Journal Volume: 12 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1864-5631
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Xiao, Biwei, Rojo, Teófilo, and Li, Xiaolin. Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges. Germany: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/cssc.201801879.
Xiao, Biwei, Rojo, Teófilo, & Li, Xiaolin. Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801879
Xiao, Biwei, Rojo, Teófilo, and Li, Xiaolin. Wed .
"Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801879.
@article{osti_1483022,
title = {Hard Carbon as Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges},
author = {Xiao, Biwei and Rojo, Teófilo and Li, Xiaolin},
abstractNote = {Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is the state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its excellent overall performance, wide availability, and relatively low cost. Recently, tremendous effort has been invested to elucidate the sodium storage mechanism in HC, and to explore synthetic approaches that can enhance the performance and lower the cost. However, disagreements remain in the field, particularly on the fundamental questions of ion transfer and storage and the ideal HC structure for high performance. This Minireview aims to provide an analysis and summary of the theoretical limitations of HC, discrepancies in the storage mechanism, and methods to improve the performance. Finally, future research on developing ideal structured HCs, advanced electrolytes, and optimized electrolyte–electrode interphases are proposed on the basis of recent progress.},
doi = {10.1002/cssc.201801879},
journal = {ChemSusChem},
number = 1,
volume = 12,
place = {Germany},
year = {Wed Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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