Seasonal Evolution of the Subglacial Hydrologic System Modified by Supraglacial Lake Drainage in Western Greenland

Andrews, Lauren C.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Catania, Ginny A.; Lüthi, Martin P.; Hawley, Robert L.; Schild, Kristin M.; Ryser, Claudia; Morriss, Blaine F.

doi:10.1029/2017JF004585

Title: Seasonal Evolution of the Subglacial Hydrologic System Modified by Supraglacial Lake Drainage in Western Greenland

Journal Article · 24 May 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004585 · OSTI ID:1482953

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^[2]; Neumann, Thomas A. ^[1];

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^[6]; Ryser, Claudia ^[7]; Morriss, Blaine F. ^[8]

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of Zurich, Hanover, NH (United States)
Dartmouth College, Zurich (Switzerland)
Dartmouth College, Zurich (Switzerland); Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hanover, NH (United States)

The impact of summer surface melt on Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics is modulated by the state of the subglacial hydrologic system. Studies of ice motion indicate that efficiency of the subglacial system increases over the melt season, decreasing the sensitivity of ice motion to surface melt inputs. However, the behavior of the subglacial hydrologic system is complex and some characteristics are still poorly constrained. Here we investigate the coevolution of subglacial hydrology and ice motion in the Pâkitsoq region of western Greenland during the 2011 melt season. We analyze measurements from 11 Global Positioning System stations, from which we derive ice velocity, longitudinal strain rates, and basal uplift, alongside observations of surface ablation and supraglacial lake drainages. We observe ice acceleration after the onset of local surface melting, followed by gradual ice deceleration, consistent with increasing subglacial efficiency. In the study area, supraglacial lake drainages cooccur with a change in regional strain rate patterns and ice deceleration, suggesting that lake drainages contribute to rapid subglacial reorganization. At lower ice surface elevations (below ~900 m above sea level), ice motion is correlated with both total basal uplift and its rate of change, while at higher elevations (~900–1,100 m above sea level), ice motion correlated only with the basal uplift rate. This pattern suggests that continued cavity growth or subglacial sediment dynamics may be important in the apparent increase in subglacial drainage efficiency at higher elevations in the ablation zone. Furthermore, our results further suggest that transient subglacial behavior is important in the seasonal evolution of ice motion.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: LDRD; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1482953

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--18-27505

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 123; ISSN 2169-9003

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Direct observations of evolving subglacial drainage beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet C., Andrews, Lauren; A., Catania, Ginny; J., Hoffman, Matthew Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-101713	text	January 2014
Sustained high basal motion of the Greenland ice sheet revealed by borehole deformation Ryser, Claudia; Lüthi, Martin P.; Andrews, Lauren C. International Glaciological Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-101718	text	January 2014
Thick sediments beneath Greenland's ablation zone and their potential role in future ice sheet dynamics Walter, Fabian; Chaput, Julien; Lüthi, Martin P. Geological Society of America https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-101745	text	January 2014
Greenland subglacial drainage evolution regulated by weakly connected regions of the bed Hoffman, Matthew J.; Andrews, Lauren C.; Price, Stephen A. Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-129228	text	January 2016
Widespread moulin formation during supraglacial lake drainages in Greenland Hoffman, Matthew J.; Perego, Mauro; Andrews, Lauren C. American Geophysical Union https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-162834	text	January 2018
Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers Box, J. E.; Fettweis, X.; Stroeve, J. C. The Cryosphere, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-821-2012	journal	January 2012
Influence of ice-sheet geometry and supraglacial lakes on seasonal ice-flow variability Joughin, I.; Das, S. B.; Flowers, G. E. The Cryosphere, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1185-2013	journal	January 2013
A ten-year record of supraglacial lake evolution and rapid drainage in West Greenland using an automated processing algorithm for multispectral imagery Morriss, B. F.; Hawley, R. L.; Chipman, J. W. The Cryosphere, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1869-2013	journal	January 2013
A decade (2002–2012) of supraglacial lake volume estimates across Russell Glacier, West Greenland Fitzpatrick, A. A. W.; Hubbard, A. L.; Box, J. E. The Cryosphere, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-107-2014	journal	January 2014
The Greenland Ice Mapping Project (GIMP) land classification and surface elevation data sets Howat, I. M.; Negrete, A.; Smith, B. E. The Cryosphere, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1509-2014	journal	January 2014
Modelling the transfer of supraglacial meltwater to the bed of Leverett Glacier, Southwest Greenland Clason, C. C.; Mair, D. W. F.; Nienow, P. W. The Cryosphere, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-123-2015	journal	January 2015
Self-regulation of ice flow varies across the ablation area in south-west Greenland van de Wal, R. S. W.; Smeets, C. J. P. P.; Boot, W. The Cryosphere, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-603-2015	journal	January 2015
Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers Box, J. E.; Fettweis, X.; Stroeve, J. C. The Cryosphere Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-593-2012	journal	January 2012
Ice dynamic response to two modes of surface lake drainage on the Greenland ice sheet Tedesco, Marco; Willis, Ian C.; Hoffman, Matthew J. Columbia University https://doi.org/10.7916/d8h41rcg	text	January 2013
Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers Box, J. E.; Fettweis, X.; Stroeve, J. C. Columbia University https://doi.org/10.7916/d8qn66pt	text	January 2012

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Supraglacial lake drainage at a fast-flowing Greenlandic outlet glacier Chudley, Thomas R.; Christoffersen, Poul; Doyle, Samuel H. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913685116	journal	December 2019
Sliding dominates slow-flowing margin regions, Greenland Ice Sheet Maier, Nathan; Humphrey, Neil; Harper, Joel Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5406	journal	July 2019
Supraglacial lake drainage at a fast-flowing Greenlandic outlet glacier. Chudley, Thomas; Christoffersen, Poul; Doyle, Samuel H. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.46643	text	January 2019
The Influence of Hydrology on the Dynamics of Land-Terminating Sectors of the Greenland Ice Sheet Davison, Benjamin Joseph; Sole, Andrew John; Livingstone, Stephen John Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00010	journal	February 2019

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