Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
Abstract
Volume or centrality fluctuations (CF) are one of the main uncertainties for interpreting the centrality dependence of many experimental observables. The CF is constrained by centrality selection based on particle multiplicity in a reference subevent and contributes to observables measured in another subevent. Using a Glauber-based independent source model, we study the influence of CF on several distributions of multiplicity N and eccentricities εn: p(N), p(εn), p(εn,εm), and p(N,εn), where the effects of CF are quantified using multiparticle cumulants of these distributions. In midcentral collisions, a general relation is established between the multiplicity fluctuation and resulting CF in the reference subevent. In ultracentral collisions, where distribution of particle production sources is strongly distorted, we find these cumulants exhibit rich sign-change patterns, due to observable-dependent non-Gaussianity in the underlying distributions. The details of sign-change pattern change with the size of the collision systems. Simultaneous comparison of these different types of cumulants between model prediction and experimental data can be used to constrain the CF and particle production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions. Since the concepts of centrality and CF are expected to fluctuate in the longitudinal direction within a single event, we propose to use the pseudorapidity-separated subevent cumulant method to exploremore »
- Authors:
-
- Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
- Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1482570
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-209455-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review C
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 98; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Zhou, Mingliang, and Jia, Jiangyong. Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044903.
Zhou, Mingliang, & Jia, Jiangyong. Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044903
Zhou, Mingliang, and Jia, Jiangyong. Tue .
"Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044903. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1482570.
@article{osti_1482570,
title = {Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions},
author = {Zhou, Mingliang and Jia, Jiangyong},
abstractNote = {Volume or centrality fluctuations (CF) are one of the main uncertainties for interpreting the centrality dependence of many experimental observables. The CF is constrained by centrality selection based on particle multiplicity in a reference subevent and contributes to observables measured in another subevent. Using a Glauber-based independent source model, we study the influence of CF on several distributions of multiplicity N and eccentricities εn: p(N), p(εn), p(εn,εm), and p(N,εn), where the effects of CF are quantified using multiparticle cumulants of these distributions. In midcentral collisions, a general relation is established between the multiplicity fluctuation and resulting CF in the reference subevent. In ultracentral collisions, where distribution of particle production sources is strongly distorted, we find these cumulants exhibit rich sign-change patterns, due to observable-dependent non-Gaussianity in the underlying distributions. The details of sign-change pattern change with the size of the collision systems. Simultaneous comparison of these different types of cumulants between model prediction and experimental data can be used to constrain the CF and particle production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions. Since the concepts of centrality and CF are expected to fluctuate in the longitudinal direction within a single event, we propose to use the pseudorapidity-separated subevent cumulant method to explore the nature of intraevent fluctuations of centrality and collective dynamics. The subevent method can be applied for any bulk observable that is sensitive to centrality and has the potential to separate different mechanisms for multiplicity and flow fluctuations happening at different timescales. As a result, the forward detector upgrades at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider will greatly enhance such studies in the future.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.98.044903},
journal = {Physical Review C},
number = 4,
volume = 98,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:
Works referenced in this record:
Correlated stopping, proton clusters and higher order proton cumulants
journal, May 2017
- Bzdak, Adam; Koch, Volker; Skokov, Vladimir
- The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 77, Issue 5
Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at TeV with ALICE
journal, October 2013
- Abelev, B.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 4
Elucidating the event-by-event flow fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions via the event-shape selection technique
journal, August 2014
- Huo, Peng; Jia, Jiangyong; Mohapatra, Soumya
- Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 2
Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, April 2017
- Braun-Munzinger, P.; Rustamov, A.; Stachel, J.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 960
Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, August 2017
- Kitazawa, Masakiyo; Luo, Xiaofeng
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 2
Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in , , and collisions at –200 GeV and implications for particle-production models
journal, April 2014
- Adler, S. S.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 4
Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2012
- Gardim, Fernando G.; Grassi, Frédérique; Luzum, Matthew
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 2
Measurement of event-plane correlations in TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
journal, August 2014
- Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 2
Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Collisions at RHIC
journal, August 2014
- Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 9
Growth of Long Range Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations with Centrality in Collisions at
journal, October 2009
- Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 17
Volume fluctuations and higher-order cumulants of the net baryon number
journal, September 2013
- Skokov, V.; Friman, B.; Redlich, K.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
journal, January 2014
- Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 3
Cumulants and correlation functions versus the QCD phase diagram
journal, May 2017
- Bzdak, Adam; Koch, Volker; Strodthoff, Nils
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 5
A centrality detector concept
journal, December 2014
- Tarafdar, Sourav; Citron, Zvi; Milov, Alexander
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 768
Importance of non-flow in mixed-harmonic multi-particle correlations in small collision systems
journal, February 2018
- Huo, Peng; Gajdošová, Katarína; Jia, Jiangyong
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 777
Pseudorapidity profile of transverse momentum fluctuations in heavy ion collisions
journal, July 2017
- Chatterjee, Sandeep; Bożek, Piotr
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 1
Multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions: Statistical model versus experimental data
journal, August 2007
- Begun, V. V.; Gaździcki, M.; Gorenstein, M. I.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 2
A method for studying initial geometry fluctuations via event plane correlations in heavy ion collisions
journal, July 2013
- Jia, Jiangyong; Mohapatra, Soumya
- The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 73, Issue 7
3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, October 2016
- Schenke, Björn; Schlichting, Sören
- Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 4
Multiparticle azimuthal cumulants in collisions from a multiphase transport model
journal, September 2018
- Nie, Mao-Wu; Huo, Peng; Jia, Jiangyong
- Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 3
Forward-backward multiplicity fluctuation and longitudinal harmonics in high-energy nuclear collisions
journal, April 2016
- Jia, Jiangyong; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj; Zhou, Mingliang
- Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 4
HIJING 1.0: A Monte Carlo program for parton and particle production in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions
journal, December 1994
- Gyulassy, Miklos; Wang, Xin-Nian
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 83, Issue 2-3
Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
journal, July 2010
- Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 2
Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
journal, June 2017
- Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6
Transverse-momentum–flow correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2016
- Bożek, Piotr
- Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 4
Relative flow fluctuations as a probe of initial state fluctuations
journal, May 2017
- Giacalone, Giuliano; Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn; Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 5
Decorrelation of anisotropic flow along the longitudinal direction
journal, April 2016
- Pang, Long-Gang; Petersen, Hannah; Qin, Guang-You
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 52, Issue 4
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in GeV Au+Au collisions
journal, July 2006
- Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 74, Issue 1
Measurement of the correlation between flow harmonics of different order in lead-lead collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, September 2015
- Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 3
Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
journal, September 2015
- Loizides, C.; Nagle, J.; Steinberg, P.
- SoftwareX, Vol. 1-2
Event-by-event shape and flow fluctuations of relativistic heavy-ion collision fireballs
journal, August 2011
- Qiu, Zhi; Heinz, Ulrich
- Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 2
Revealing long-range multiparticle collectivity in small collision systems via subevent cumulants
journal, September 2017
- Jia, Jiangyong; Zhou, Mingliang; Trzupek, Adam
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 3
Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in and collisions from to 200 GeV
journal, October 2008
- Adare, A.; Adler, S. S.; Afanasiev, S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 4
Fluctuations of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions: An introduction
journal, September 2016
- Asakawa, Masayuki; Kitazawa, Masakiyo
- Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 90
Event-by-event physics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2001
- Heiselberg, H.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 351, Issue 3
Relating centrality to impact parameter in nucleus-nucleus collisions
journal, January 2018
- Das, Sruthy Jyothi; Giacalone, Giuliano; Monard, Pierre-Amaury
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 1
Size fluctuations of the initial source and event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, November 2009
- Broniowski, Wojciech; Chojnacki, Mikolaj; Obara, Łukasz
- Physical Review C, Vol. 80, Issue 5
Noncritical fluctuations of (net) charges and (net) protons from the iebe-vishnu hybrid model
journal, January 2018
- Li, Jixing; Xu, Hao-jie; Song, Huichao
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 1
Generic framework for anisotropic flow analyses with multiparticle azimuthal correlations
journal, June 2014
- Bilandzic, Ante; Christensen, Christian Holm; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan
- Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 6
Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007
- Miller, Michael L.; Reygers, Klaus; Sanders, Stephen J.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Normalization of strongly intensive quantities
journal, August 2013
- Gazdzicki, M.; Gorenstein, M. I.; Mackowiak-Pawlowska, M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2
Multiplicity-dependent and nonbinomial efficiency corrections for particle number cumulants
journal, December 2016
- Bzdak, Adam; Holzmann, Romain; Koch, Volker
- Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 6
Search for the QCD critical point with fluctuations of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC: an overview
journal, July 2017
- Luo, Xiaofeng; Xu, Nu
- Nuclear Science and Techniques, Vol. 28, Issue 8
Charged-particle distributions in pp interactions at $$\sqrt{s}=8 \mathrm {\, TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector
journal, July 2016
- Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.
- The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 76, Issue 7
Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments
journal, September 2018
- He, Shu; Luo, Xiaofeng
- Chinese Physics C, Vol. 42, Issue 10
Particle number fluctuations in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions from microscopic transport approaches
journal, March 2006
- Konchakovski, V. P.; Haussler, S.; Gorenstein, M. I.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 73, Issue 3
Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2018
- Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 2
Event-by-event distributions of azimuthal asymmetries in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2013
- Niemi, H.; Denicol, G. S.; Holopainen, H.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 87, Issue 5
The torque effect and fluctuations of entropy deposition in rapidity in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, January 2016
- Bożek, Piotr; Broniowski, Wojciech
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 752
Measurement of long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations with the subevent cumulant method in and +Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, February 2018
- Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 2
Measurement of longitudinal flow decorrelations in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}=2.76$$ s NN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, February 2018
- Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.
- The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 2
Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and collisions
journal, September 2015
- Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 3
Multiphase transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, December 2005
- Lin, Zi-Wei; Ko, Che Ming; Li, Bao-An
- Physical Review C, Vol. 72, Issue 6
Forward-backward eccentricity and participant-plane angle fluctuations and their influences on longitudinal dynamics of collective flow
journal, September 2014
- Jia, Jiangyong; Huo, Peng
- Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 3
Strongly intensive quantities
journal, July 2011
- Gorenstein, M. I.; Gaździcki, M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 1
Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged-particle pseudorapidity densities and two-particle correlations
journal, October 2017
- Ke, Weiyao; Moreland, J. Scott; Bernhard, Jonah E.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 4
Event-by-event fluctuations in particle multiplicities and transverse energy produced in Pb+Pb collisions
journal, May 2002
- Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Angelis, A. L. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 65, Issue 5
Volume fluctuation and auto-correlation effects in the moment analysis of net-proton multiplicity distributions in heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2013
- Luo, Xiaofeng; Xu, Ji; Mohanty, Bedangadas
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 10
Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2017
- Aaboud, Morad; Aad, Georges; Abbott, Brad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions: statistical model versus experimental data
journal, March 2008
- Hauer, M.; Begun, V. V.; Gaździcki, M.
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 4
Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and pPb collisions
text, January 2015
- Khachatryan, Vardan; Sirunyan, Albert M.; Tumasyan, Armen
- RWTH Aachen University
Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
text, January 2010
- Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.
- arXiv
Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2011
- Gardim, Fernando G.; Grassi, Frederique; Luzum, Matthew
- arXiv
A method for studying initial geometry fluctuations via event plane correlations in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2012
- Jia, Jiangyong; Mohapatra, Soumya
- arXiv
Volume fluctuations and higher order cumulants of the net baryon number
text, January 2012
- Skokov, V.; Friman, B.; Redlich, K.
- arXiv
Volume Fluctuation and Autocorrelation Effects in the Moment Analysis of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions in Heavy-Ion Collisions
text, January 2013
- Luo, Xiaofeng; Xu, Ji; Mohanty, Bedangadas
- arXiv
Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
text, January 2013
- Collaboration, Star; Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.
- arXiv
Generic framework for anisotropic flow analyses with multi-particle azimuthal correlations
text, January 2013
- Bilandzic, Ante; Christensen, Christian Holm; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan
- arXiv
A Centrality Detector Concept
text, January 2014
- Tarafdar, Sourav; Citron, Zvi; Milov, Alexander
- arXiv
Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
text, January 2014
- Loizides, C.; Nagle, J.; Steinberg, P.
- arXiv
Transverse momentum-flow correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2016
- Bozek, Piotr
- arXiv
Cumulants of multiplicity distributions in most-central heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2016
- Xu, Hao-jie
- arXiv
3-D Glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions
text, January 2016
- Schenke, Bjoern; Schlichting, Soeren
- arXiv
Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2016
- Collaboration, Atlas
- arXiv
Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged particle pseudorapidity densities and two-particle correlations
text, January 2016
- Ke, Weiyao; Moreland, J. Scott; Bernhard, Jonah E.
- arXiv
Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions
text, January 2016
- Braun-Munzinger, P.; Rustamov, A.; Stachel, J.
- arXiv
Revealing long-range multi-particle collectivity in small collision systems via subevent cumulants
text, January 2017
- Jia, Jiangyong; Zhou, Mingliang; Trzupek, Adam
- arXiv
Relative flow fluctuations as a probe of initial state fluctuations
text, January 2017
- Giacalone, Giuliano; Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn; Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
- arXiv
Pseudorapidity profile of transverse momentum fluctuations in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2017
- Chatterjee, Sandeep; Bozek, Piotr
- arXiv
Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2017
- Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn
- arXiv
Importance of non-flow in mixed-harmonic multi-particle correlations in small collision systems
text, January 2017
- Huo, Peng; Gajdosova, Katarina; Jia, Jiangyong
- arXiv
Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
text, January 2007
- Miller, Michael L.; Reygers, Klaus; Sanders, Stephen J.
- arXiv
Multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions: statistical model versus experimental data
text, January 2006
- Begun, V. V.; Gazdzicki, M.; Gorenstein, M. I.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Influence of initial-state momentum anisotropy on the final-state collectivity in small collision systems
journal, December 2019
- Nie, Maowu; Yi, Li; Luo, Xiaofeng
- Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 6
Influence of electromagnetic fields in proton-nucleus collisions at relativistic energy
journal, January 2020
- Oliva, Lucia; Moreau, Pierre; Voronyuk, Vadim
- Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 1
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged-particle production in Xe+Xe collisions at sNN =5.44 TeV with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2020
- Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abbott, Dc
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Influence of initial-state momentum anisotropy on the final-state collectivity in small collision systems
text, January 2019
- Nie, Maowu; Yi, Li; Jia, Jiangyong
- arXiv
Figures / Tables found in this record: