Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x

Title: Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe₃Ge₁

Abstract

Here, we show using both experimental and theoretical methods that cobalt substitution in the hexagonal ferromagnet Fe₃Ge suppresses the planar magnetic anisotropy and favors a uniaxial state. Uniaxial ferromagnetism is observed at room temperature for cobalt concentrations of only a few percent, and 10% substitution fully suppresses the planar magnetic structure at least down to 5 K, with only a small effect on the magnetization and Curie temperature. First principles calculations predict strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and promising permanent magnet properties for higher cobalt concentrations. Finally, although these high Co concentrations were not realized experimentally, this work suggests that the rare-earth-free Fe₃Ge structure supports intrinsic magnetic properties that may enable promising permanent magnet performance.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-09-21

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1482435

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Scientific Reports

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Mcguire, Michael, Kavungal Veedu, Shanavas, Kesler, Michael S., and Parker, David S. Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x.

Copy to clipboard


                    Mcguire, Michael, Kavungal Veedu, Shanavas, Kesler, Michael S., & Parker, David S. Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x

Copy to clipboard


                    Mcguire, Michael, Kavungal Veedu, Shanavas, Kesler, Michael S., and Parker, David S. Fri .  
        "Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1482435.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1482435,

  title        = {Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1},

  author       = {Mcguire, Michael and Kavungal Veedu, Shanavas and Kesler, Michael S. and Parker, David S.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we show using both experimental and theoretical methods that cobalt substitution in the hexagonal ferromagnet Fe3Ge suppresses the planar magnetic anisotropy and favors a uniaxial state. Uniaxial ferromagnetism is observed at room temperature for cobalt concentrations of only a few percent, and 10% substitution fully suppresses the planar magnetic structure at least down to 5 K, with only a small effect on the magnetization and Curie temperature. First principles calculations predict strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and promising permanent magnet properties for higher cobalt concentrations. Finally, although these high Co concentrations were not realized experimentally, this work suggests that the rare-earth-free Fe3Ge structure supports intrinsic magnetic properties that may enable promising permanent magnet performance.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x},

  journal      = {Scientific Reports},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {9}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32577-x

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Permanent magnets: Plugging the gap
journal, September 2012

Coey, J. M. D.
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 67, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.04.036

Magnetic and X-Ray Studies of Iron-Germanium System II. Phase Diagram and Magnetism of Each Phase
journal, February 1965

Kanematsu, Kazuo; Ohoyama, Tetuo
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 20, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1143/JPSJ.20.236

Magnetic properties of hexagonal and cubic Fe ₃ Ge
journal, November 1976

Drijver, J. W.; Sinnema, S. G.; Woude, F. van der
Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/6/11/015

Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective
journal, December 2011

Coey, J. M. D.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 47, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2166975

Electronic and magnetic properties of Si substituted Fe ₃ Ge
journal, September 2015

Shanavas, K. V.; McGuire, Michael A.; Parker, David S.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.4931574

Ferromagnetism of Fe3Sn and Alloys
journal, November 2014

Sales, Brian C.; Saparov, Bayrammurad; McGuire, Michael A.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep07024

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP
journal, August 2016

Lamichhane, Tej N.; Taufour, Valentin; Masters, Morgan W.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.4961933

Magnetic anisotropy — How much is enough for a permanent magnet?
journal, February 2016

Skomski, R.; Coey, J. M. D.
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 112
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.09.021

Magnetic Properties and Phase Transition of Fe ₃ Ge
journal, June 1963

Kanematsu, Kazuo; Yasukōchi, Kō; Ohoyama, Tetuo
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 18, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1143/JPSJ.18.920

Magnetic order and interactions in ferrimagnetic ${Mn}_{3} {Si}_{2} {Te}_{6}$
journal, May 2017

May, Andrew F.; Liu, Yaohua; Calder, Stuart
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.174440

Magnetization and X-Ray Studies on (Fe _{1- x} Ni _x ) ₃ Ge and (Fe _{1- x} Ni _x ) _3.4 Ge
journal, July 1984

Kanematsu, Kazuo; Takahashi, Hiroshi
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 53, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1143/JPSJ.53.2376

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe3Ge single crystal: Effect of pressure and Mn substitution for Fe
journal, August 2004

Albertini, F.; Negri, D.; Pareti, L.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 96, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.1768613

Magnetism and magnetic materials: by J.M.D. Coey, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 617 pp., £59.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108717519. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher.
journal, October 2019

Howard, Eric
Contemporary Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2019.1709555

Works referencing / citing this record:

Reorientation of antiferromagnetism in cobalt doped FeSn
journal, November 2019

Meier, William R.; Yan, Jiaqiang; McGuire, Michael A.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.184421

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Magnetic properties and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Nd₂Fe₁₇, Nd₂Fe₁₇X₃, and related compounds

Journal Article Pandey, Tribhuwan ; Parker, David S. - Scientific Reports

The electronic and magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₇ and Nd₂Fe₁₇X₃ (X = C or N) compounds have been calculated using the first-principles density functional calculations. Among these, the nitrogen and carbon interstitial compounds exhibit all of the required properties such as a saturation moment of 1.6 T, Curie temperature of 700–750 K, however easy magnetic axis lies in the planar direction making them less attractive for permanent magnet applications. The calculated magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is found to be -2.7 MJ/m³ for Nd₂Fe₁₇C₃ and -4.7 MJ/m³ for Nd₂Fe₁₇N₃. Finally, we further explored the possibility of changing the easy axis direction through La/Cemore »« less
Cited by 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21969-8

Full Text Available
Increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial Fe-Co-C thin films with spontaneous strain

Journal Article Reichel, L., E-mail: l.reichel@ifw-dresden.de ; Kauffmann-Weiss, S. ; Schultz, L. ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

Rare earth free alloys are in focus of permanent magnet research since the accessibility of the elements needed for nowadays conventional magnets is limited. Tetragonally strained iron-cobalt (Fe-Co) has attracted large interest as promising candidate due to theoretical calculations. In experiments, however, the applied strain quickly relaxes with increasing film thickness and hampers stabilization of a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In our study, we show that already 2 at. % of carbon substantially reduces the lattice relaxation leading to the formation of a spontaneously strained phase with 3% tetragonal distortion. In these strained (Fe{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.6}){sub 0.98}C{sub 0.02} films, a magnetocrystalline anisotropymore »« less
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4901595
Atomic cooperation in enhancing magnetism: (Fe, Cu)-doped CeCo₅

Journal Article Choudhary, Renu ; Palasyuk, Andriy ; Nlebedim, Ikenna C. ; ... - Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Developing permanent magnet alloys with decreased critical elements (e.g., Nd, Dy, and Co) requires identifying compositions and structures with uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), large magnetization, and a high ferromagnetic transition temperature (Curie temperature - T_C). One approach to minimizing the critical elements in potential permanent magnet alloys is to use overly produced Ce, which is less critical. Furthermore, reducing Co content in RCo₅ (R = Rare Earth) alloys is necessary since Co is also a critical element. An obvious choice for decreasing Co content is a substitution with non-critical Fe. However, the Fe is not stable in the latticemore »« less
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155549
Magnetic and crystal structure and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of hexagonal Fe{sub 60}Ga{sub 40{minus}x}As{sub x} (x = 6, 23) and FeGa{sub 23}Sb{sub 17} compounds

Journal Article Moze, O ; Istituto ISM del CNR, Frascati ; Paoluzi, A ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Powder neutron diffraction at 1.5K has been used to investigate the crystal and magnetic structure, whilst the Singular Point Detection (SPD) technique has been used to measure the temperature and composition dependence of the magnetic anisotropy of Fe{sub 60}Ga{sub 40{minus}x}As{sub x} (x = 6, 23) and FeGa{sub 23}Sb{sub 17}. The compounds Fe{sub 60}Ga{sub 17}As{sub 23} and FeGa{sub 23}Sb{sub 17} are isotypic with Ni{sub 2}In (P6{sub 3}/mmc) and Fe{sub 60}Ga{sub 34}As{sub 6} is a complex modification of this with a doubling of the lattice constant a of the parent Ni{sub 2}In subcell. The neutron data show that the magnetic structures aremore »« less
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/20.312483
Controlling the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ε-Fe₂O₃

Journal Article Ahamed, Imran ; Skomski, Ralph ; Kashyap, Arti - AIP Advances

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of pristine and Co-substituted ε-Fe₂O₃ is investigated by density functional calculations. The epsilon-iron oxide is the only polymorph of Fe₂O₃ magnetoelectric in its antiferromagnetic ground states other crystalline forms being α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite), β-Fe₂O₃, and γ-Fe₂O₃ (maghemite). The magnetizations of the four iron sublattices are antiferromagnetically aligned with slightly different magnetic moments resulting in a ferrimagnetic structure. Compared to the naturally occurring hematite and maghemite, bulk ε-Fe₂O₃ is difficult to prepare, but ε-Fe₂O₃ nanomaterials of different geometries and feature sizes have been fabricated. A coercivity of 20 kOe [2 T] was reported in nanocomposites of ε-Fe₂O₃, and anmore »« less
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5080144

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1

Abstract

Citation Formats

Permanent magnets: Plugging the gap journal, September 2012

Magnetic and X-Ray Studies of Iron-Germanium System II. Phase Diagram and Magnetism of Each Phase journal, February 1965

Magnetic properties of hexagonal and cubic Fe 3 Ge journal, November 1976

Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective journal, December 2011

Electronic and magnetic properties of Si substituted Fe 3 Ge journal, September 2015

Ferromagnetism of Fe3Sn and Alloys journal, November 2014

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP journal, August 2016

Magnetic anisotropy — How much is enough for a permanent magnet? journal, February 2016

Magnetic Properties and Phase Transition of Fe 3 Ge journal, June 1963

Magnetic order and interactions in ferrimagnetic Mn 3 Si 2 Te 6 journal, May 2017

Magnetization and X-Ray Studies on (Fe 1- x Ni x ) 3 Ge and (Fe 1- x Ni x ) 3.4 Ge journal, July 1984

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe3Ge single crystal: Effect of pressure and Mn substitution for Fe journal, August 2004

Magnetism and magnetic materials: by J.M.D. Coey, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 617 pp., £59.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108717519. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher. journal, October 2019

Reorientation of antiferromagnetism in cobalt doped FeSn journal, November 2019

Title: Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe₃Ge₁

Permanent magnets: Plugging the gap
journal, September 2012

Magnetic and X-Ray Studies of Iron-Germanium System II. Phase Diagram and Magnetism of Each Phase
journal, February 1965

Magnetic properties of hexagonal and cubic Fe ₃ Ge
journal, November 1976

Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective
journal, December 2011

Electronic and magnetic properties of Si substituted Fe ₃ Ge
journal, September 2015

Ferromagnetism of Fe3Sn and Alloys
journal, November 2014

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP
journal, August 2016

Magnetic anisotropy — How much is enough for a permanent magnet?
journal, February 2016

Magnetic Properties and Phase Transition of Fe ₃ Ge
journal, June 1963

Magnetic order and interactions in ferrimagnetic ${Mn}_{3} {Si}_{2} {Te}_{6}$
journal, May 2017

Magnetization and X-Ray Studies on (Fe _{1- x} Ni _x ) ₃ Ge and (Fe _{1- x} Ni _x ) _3.4 Ge
journal, July 1984

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe3Ge single crystal: Effect of pressure and Mn substitution for Fe
journal, August 2004

Magnetism and magnetic materials: by J.M.D. Coey, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 617 pp., £59.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108717519. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher.
journal, October 2019

Reorientation of antiferromagnetism in cobalt doped FeSn
journal, November 2019