Anomalous material-dependent transport of focused, laser-driven proton beams

Kim, Joohwan; McGuffey, Christopher; Gautier, D. C.; Link, A.; Kemp, G. E.; Giraldez, E. M.; Wei, M. S.; Stephens, R. B.; Kerr, S.; Poole, P. L.; Madden, R.; Qiao, B.; Foord, M. E.; Ping, Y.; McLean, H. S.; Fernandez, J. C.; Beg, F. N.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36106-8

Title: Anomalous material-dependent transport of focused, laser-driven proton beams

Journal Article · 02 December 2018 · Scientific Reports

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36106-8 · OSTI ID:1482220

Kim, Joohwan ^[1];

^[2]; Gautier, D. C. ^[3]; Link, A. ^[4]; Kemp, G. E. ^[4]; Giraldez, E. M. ^[5]; Wei, M. S. ^[5];

^[5]; Kerr, S. ^[6];

^[7]; Madden, R. ^[2]; Qiao, B. ^[2]; Foord, M. E. ^[4];

^[4]; McLean, H. S. ^[4]; Fernandez, J. C. ^[8]; Beg, F. N. ^[2]

Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego
Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Physics Division

Intense lasers can accelerate protons in sufficient numbers and energy that the resulting beam can heat materials to exotic warm (10s of eV temperature) states. Here we show with experimental data that a laser-driven proton beam focused onto a target heated it in a localized spot with size strongly dependent upon material and as small as 35 mm radius. Simulations indicate that cold stopping power values cannot model the intense proton beam transport in solid targets well enough to match the large differences observed. In the experiment a 74 J, 670 f s laser drove a focusing proton beam that transported through different thicknesses of solid Mylar, Al, Cu or Au, eventually heating a rear, thin, Au witness layer. The XUV emission seen from the rear of the Au indicated a clear dependence of proton beam transport upon atomic number, Z, of the transport layer: a larger and brighter emission spot was measured after proton transport through the lower Z foils even with equal mass density for supposed equivalent proton stopping range. Beam transport dynamics pertaining to the observed heated spot were investigated numerically with a particle-in-cell (PIC) code. In simulations protons moving through an Al transport layer result in higher Au temperature responsible for higher Au radiant emittance compared to a Cu transport case. As a result, the inferred finding that proton stopping varies with temperature in different materials, considerably changing the beam heating profile, can guide applications seeking to controllably heat targets with intense proton beams.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; SC0014600

OSTI ID:: 1482220

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--805520

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Vol. 8; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter Ziegler, J. F. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.369844	journal	February 1999
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Self-Consistent Simulation of Transport and Energy Deposition of Intense Laser-Accelerated Proton Beams in Solid-Density Matter Kim, J.; Qiao, B.; McGuffey, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.054801	journal	July 2015
Ab Initio Studies on the Stopping Power of Warm Dense Matter with Time-Dependent Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory Ding, Y. H.; White, A. J.; Hu, S. X. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.145001	journal	October 2018
Absorption of ultra-intense laser pulses Wilks, S. C.; Kruer, W. L.; Tabak, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1383	journal	August 1992
Charged-particle stopping powers in inertial confinement fusion plasmas Li, Chi-Kang; Petrasso, Richard D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3059	journal	May 1993
Intense High-Energy Proton Beams from Petawatt-Laser Irradiation of Solids Snavely, R. A.; Key, M. H.; Hatchett, S. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2945	journal	October 2000
Fast Ignition by Intense Laser-Accelerated Proton Beams Roth, M.; Cowan, T. E.; Key, M. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 3, p. 436-439 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.436	journal	January 2001
Isochoric Heating of Solid-Density Matter with an Ultrafast Proton Beam Patel, P.; Mackinnon, A.; Key, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.125004	journal	September 2003
Highly Efficient Relativistic-Ion Generation in the Laser-Piston Regime Esirkepov, T.; Borghesi, M.; Bulanov, S. V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175003	journal	April 2004
Fast Ignition by Intense Laser-Accelerated Proton Beams Brown, C.; Bulanov, S. V.; Campbell, E. M. The American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-12030	text	January 2001
Laser-driven shock acceleration of monoenergetic ion beams Fiuza, F.; Stockem, A.; Boella, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1206.2903	text	January 2012
Charged Particle Motion in a Highly Ionized Plasma Brown, Lowell S.; Preston, Dean L.; Singleton, Robert L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.physics/0501084	text	January 2005

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