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Title: Catalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia

Journal Article · · Nature Catalysis
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [5];  [4];  [3];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States). Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Arkansas
  2. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States). Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering
  3. Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
  4. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Department of Chemical Engineering
  5. Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Department of Chemistry

We present the production of synthetic ammonia remains dependent on the energy- and capital-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Extensive research in molecular catalysis has demonstrated ammonia production from di-nitrogen, albeit at low production rates. Mechanistic understanding of di-nitrogen reduction to ammonia continues to be delineated through study of molecular catalyst structure, as well as through understanding the naturally-occurring nitrogenase enzyme. The transition to Haber-Bosch alternatives through robust, heterogeneous catalyst surfaces remains an unsolved research challenge. Catalysts for electrochemical reduction of di-nitrogen to ammonia are a specific focus of research, due to the potential to compete with Haber-Bosch and eliminate associated carbon dioxide emissions. However, limited progress has been made, as most electrocatalyst surfaces lack specificity towards nitrogen fixation. Lastly in this review, we discuss the progress of the field in developing a mechanistic understanding of nitrogenase-promoted and molecular catalyst-promoted ammonia synthesis and provide a review of the state-of-the-art and scientific needs for heterogeneous electrocatalysts.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0016529
OSTI ID:
1481881
Journal Information:
Nature Catalysis, Journal Name: Nature Catalysis Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 1; ISSN 2520-1158
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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