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Title: Opportunities of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Advanced Applications

Journal Article · · Advanced Science

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with intriguing properties, due to their unprecedented combination of high crystallinity, tunable pore size, large surface area, and unique molecular architecture. The range of properties characterized in COFs has rapidly expanded to include those of interest for numerous applications ranging from energy to environment. Here, a background overview is provided, consisting of a brief introduction of porous materials and the design feature of COFs. Then, recent advancements of COFs as a designer platform for a plethora of applications are emphasized together with discussions about the strategies and principles involved. Finally, challenges remaining for this type material for real applications are outlined.

Research Organization:
Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
Grant/Contract Number:
NE0008281
OSTI ID:
1481800
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1481802; OSTI ID: 1613872
Journal Information:
Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 2; ISSN 2198-3844
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Three-Dimensional Anionic Cyclodextrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks journal November 2017
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Radical Covalent Organic Frameworks: A General Strategy to Immobilize Open-Accessible Polyradicals for High-Performance Capacitive Energy Storage journal April 2015
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Macroscopic-Scale Template Synthesis of Robust Carbonaceous Nanofiber Hydrogels and Aerogels and Their Applications journal April 2012
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Selective Molecular Sieving in Self-Standing Porous Covalent-Organic-Framework Membranes journal November 2016
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Room Temperature Batch and Continuous Flow Synthesis of Water-Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) journal July 2016
Controlled Gas Uptake in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Record Ammonia Sorption journal February 2018
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Homochiral Metal–Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis journal September 2011
A 2D azine-linked covalent organic framework for gas storage applications journal January 2014
3D Porous Crystalline Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery journal June 2015
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Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Spiroborate Linkage journal December 2015
Integrating Superwettability within Covalent Organic Frameworks for Functional Coating journal July 2018
Chemically Stable Multilayered Covalent Organic Nanosheets from Covalent Organic Frameworks via Mechanical Delamination journal November 2013
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Air Purification of Toxic Chemicals journal April 2014
Immobilization of ionic liquids to covalent organic frameworks for catalyzing the formylation of amines with CO 2 and phenylsilane journal January 2016
Room Temperature Synthesis of Covalent–Organic Framework Films through Vapor-Assisted Conversion journal January 2015
Porous polymer catalysts with hierarchical structures journal January 2015
Superhydrophobic, chiral, and mesoporous TsDPEN copolymer coordinated to ruthenium species as an efficient catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation journal August 2013
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Exceptional H2 Saturation Uptake in Microporous Metal−Organic Frameworks journal March 2006
Mercury nano-trap for effective and efficient removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solution journal November 2014
Postsynthetically Modified Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient and Effective Mercury Removal journal February 2017
A Photoconductive Covalent Organic Framework: Self-Condensed Arene Cubes Composed of Eclipsed 2D Polypyrene Sheets for Photocurrent Generation journal July 2009
Porous Liquids: A Promising Class of Media for Gas Separation journal November 2014
Homochiral 2D Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis journal September 2016
Hybridization of MOFs and COFs: A New Strategy for Construction of MOF@COF Core-Shell Hybrid Materials journal November 2017
Viologen-Based Conjugated Covalent Organic Networks via Zincke Reaction journal July 2017
Nanocarbons for the Development of Advanced Catalysts journal May 2013
Construction of Crystalline 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Remarkable Chemical (Acid/Base) Stability via a Combined Reversible and Irreversible Route journal November 2012
Porous Ionic Polymers as a Robust and Efficient Platform for Capture and Chemical Fixation of Atmospheric CO 2 journal December 2016
Highly Conjugated Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Spirobifluorene for Perovskite Solar Cell Enhancement journal July 2018
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Hydrogen Production from Lightweight Inorganic Hydrides journal July 2017
A bifunctional covalent organic framework as an efficient platform for cascade catalysis journal January 2017
The atom, the molecule, and the covalent organic framework journal March 2017
A Homochiral Microporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for Highly Enantioselective Separation of Secondary Alcohols journal January 2014
Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO 2 Chemical Transformations journal October 2016
Isoreticular covalent organic frameworks for hydrocarbon uptake and separation: the important role of monomer planarity journal January 2017
Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) Comprising Exfoliated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) for Efficient CO 2 Separation journal February 2016
Metal Azolate Frameworks: From Crystal Engineering to Functional Materials journal September 2011
Molecular Level Control of the Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Energy Storage Materials journal January 2017
Covalent organic frameworks journal January 2012
Mesoporous cross-linked polymer copolymerized with chiral BINAP ligand coordinated to a ruthenium species as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation journal January 2012
Constructing Ultraporous Covalent Organic Frameworks in Seconds via an Organic Terracotta Process journal January 2017
A Pyrene-Based, Fluorescent Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework journal March 2016
Covalent Organic Frameworks Formed with Two Types of Covalent Bonds Based on Orthogonal Reactions journal January 2015
Multivariate Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks with Controlled Crystallinity and Stability for Asymmetric Catalysis journal June 2017
Cationic Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for Fast Li-Ion Conduction journal January 2018
The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks journal August 2013
Pore surface engineering in covalent organic frameworks journal September 2011
Rational Design of MOF/COF Hybrid Materials for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution in the Presence of Sacrificial Electron Donors journal August 2018
Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Spiroborate Linkage journal December 2015
Supramolecular Reassembly of Self‐Exfoliated Ionic Covalent Organic Nanosheets for Label‐Free Detection of Double‐Stranded DNA journal June 2018
Lattice Expansion of Highly Oriented 2D Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Framework Films journal January 2012
Macroscopic‐Scale Template Synthesis of Robust Carbonaceous Nanofiber Hydrogels and Aerogels and Their Applications journal April 2012
Rational Design of MOF/COF Hybrid Materials for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution in the Presence of Sacrificial Electron Donors journal August 2018
An Ambipolar Conducting Covalent Organic Framework with Self-Sorted and Periodic Electron Donor-Acceptor Ordering journal May 2012
Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO 2 Capture journal February 2016
Exploiting Noncovalent Interactions in an Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Quercetin Delivery journal August 2016
A Covalent Organic Framework-Cadmium Sulfide Hybrid as a Prototype Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production journal October 2014
Synthesis of a Sulfonated Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework as an Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for Biobased Chemical Conversion journal September 2015
Superior Charge Storage and Power Density of a Conducting Polymer-Modified Covalent Organic Framework journal August 2016
Surface Pore Engineering of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Ammonia Capture through Synergistic Multivariate and Open Metal Site Approaches journal June 2018
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Approaches Toward Macrocycles, Molecular Cages, and Polymers journal April 2014
Hydrogen Storage in Metal–Organic Frameworks journal September 2011
Construction of Covalent Organic Framework for Catalysis: Pd/COF-LZU1 in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction journal December 2011
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Chemically Stable Isoreticular Covalent Organic Frameworks journal March 2013
On-Surface Synthesis of Single-Layered Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks via Solid–Vapor Interface Reactions journal May 2013
Chemically Stable Multilayered Covalent Organic Nanosheets from Covalent Organic Frameworks via Mechanical Delamination journal November 2013
β-Ketoenamine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Capable of Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage journal October 2013
Phosphoric Acid Loaded Azo (−N═N−) Based Covalent Organic Framework for Proton Conduction journal April 2014
Room Temperature Synthesis of Covalent–Organic Framework Films through Vapor-Assisted Conversion journal January 2015
3D Porous Crystalline Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery journal June 2015
Tailor-Made Pore Surface Engineering in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Systematic Functionalization for Performance Screening journal June 2015
Thioether-Based Fluorescent Covalent Organic Framework for Selective Detection and Facile Removal of Mercury(II) journal February 2016
Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Simple Platform of Anionic Exchange for Porosity Tuning and Proton Conduction journal April 2016
A Pyrene-Based, Fluorescent Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework journal March 2016
Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films Grown in Flow journal August 2016
Constructing Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks from Chiral Building Blocks journal September 2016
Homochiral 2D Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis journal September 2016
Constructing Ultraporous Covalent Organic Frameworks in Seconds via an Organic Terracotta Process journal January 2017
Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with Dual Linkages for Bifunctional Cascade Catalysis journal October 2016
Metalation of a Mesoporous Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework journal November 2016
Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks via Michael Addition–Elimination journal January 2017
Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks for Exceptional Mercury Removal from Aqueous Solutions journal February 2017
Targeted Drug Delivery in Covalent Organic Nanosheets (CONs) via Sequential Postsynthetic Modification journal March 2017
Salen-Based Covalent Organic Framework journal April 2017
Salicylideneanilines-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks as Chemoselective Molecular Sieves journal June 2017
Viologen-Based Conjugated Covalent Organic Networks via Zincke Reaction journal July 2017
Multivariate Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks with Controlled Crystallinity and Stability for Asymmetric Catalysis journal June 2017
Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks with High Chemical Stability for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis journal June 2017
Oriented Films of Conjugated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Photocathodes for Water Splitting journal December 2017
Synthesis of Ultrafine and Highly Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles Confined in a Thioether-Containing Covalent Organic Framework and Their Catalytic Applications journal November 2017
Pore Environment Control and Enhanced Performance of Enzymes Infiltrated in Covalent Organic Frameworks journal January 2018
Diacetylene Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework (COF) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation journal January 2018
Chiral 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks for High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation journal January 2018
Controlled Gas Uptake in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Record Ammonia Sorption journal February 2018
Benzoxazole-Linked Ultrastable Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis journal March 2018
Fast, Ambient Temperature and Pressure Ionothermal Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks journal March 2018
Oriented Thin Films of a Benzodithiophene Covalent Organic Framework journal March 2014
Exceptional ammonia uptake by a covalent organic framework journal February 2010
Bottom-up synthesis of chiral covalent organic frameworks and their bound capillaries for chiral separation journal July 2016
Mercury nano-trap for effective and efficient removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solution journal November 2014
Self-templated chemically stable hollow spherical covalent organic framework journal April 2015
A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light-induced hydrogen generation journal September 2015
Proton conduction in crystalline and porous covalent organic frameworks journal April 2016
Bio-inspired nano-traps for uranium extraction from seawater and recovery from nuclear waste journal April 2018
Facile transformation of imine covalent organic frameworks into ultrastable crystalline porous aromatic frameworks journal July 2018
The art of total synthesis through cascade reactions journal January 2009
The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks journal August 2013
The atom, the molecule, and the covalent organic framework journal March 2017
Seeded growth of single-crystal two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks journal June 2018
The dynamic art of growing COF crystals journal July 2018

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Covalent Organic Framework‐Supported Molecularly Dispersed Near‐Infrared Dyes Boost Immunogenic Phototherapy against Tumors journal August 2019
Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Sustainable Photocatalyst toward Visible‐Light‐Accelerated C3 Arylation and Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1 H )‐Ones journal November 2019
Covalent Organic Frameworks: Chemical Approaches to Designer Structures and Built‐In Functions journal March 2020
Tailoring Covalent Organic Frameworks To Capture Water Contaminants journal February 2019
Chemical Exfoliation as a Controlled Route to Enhance the Anodic Performance of COF in LIB journal November 2019
Tuning Pore Heterogeneity in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Enzyme Accessibility and Resistance against Denaturants journal March 2019
Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalysis journal December 2019
Ultra-permeable polyamide membranes harvested by covalent organic framework nanofiber scaffolds: a two-in-one strategy journal January 2019
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Supramolecular Surface Charge Regulation in Ionic Covalent Organic Nanosheets: Reversible Exfoliation and Controlled Bacterial Growth journal December 2019
Enhancing C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 separation by incorporating low-content sodium in covalent organic frameworks journal January 2019
Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks journal June 2019
Kovalente organische Gerüstverbindungen: chemische Ansätze für Designerstrukturen und integrierte Funktionen journal December 2019
Emerging Functional Porous Polymeric and Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Treatment and Energy Storage journal November 2019
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Reaction Environment Modification in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Performance Enhancement journal April 2019
Mechanism unravelling for ultrafast and selective 99 TcO 4 uptake by a radiation-resistant cationic covalent organic framework: a combined radiological experiment and molecular dynamics simulation study journal January 2019
A Marine‐Inspired Hybrid Sponge for Highly Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater journal May 2019
Facile Fabrication of Redox‐Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Efficiently Loading and Delivering Doxorubicin journal January 2020
Supramolecular Chiral 2D Materials and Emerging Functions journal February 2020
Iridium complex immobilization on covalent organic framework for effective C—H borylation journal October 2019
A Corrole‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Featuring Desymmetrized Topology journal March 2020
Supramolecular Surface Charge Regulation in Ionic Covalent Organic Nanosheets: Reversible Exfoliation and Controlled Bacterial Growth journal December 2019
Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Sustainable Photocatalyst toward Visible‐Light‐Accelerated C3 Arylation and Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1 H )‐ones journal November 2019
2D covalent organic frameworks with built-in amide active sites for efficient heterogeneous catalysis journal January 2019
PolyCOFs: A New Class of Freestanding Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Membranes with High Mechanical Performance journal June 2019