Gravitational interactions of stars with supermassive black hole binaries – II. Hypervelocity stars
Abstract
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei can eject hypervelocity stars (HVSs). Using restricted three-body integrations, we study the properties of stars ejected by circular, binary SMBHs as a function of their mass ratios q = M2/M1 and separations a, focusing on the stellar velocity and angular distributions. We find that the ejection probability is an increasing function of q and a, and that the mean ejected velocity scales with q and a similar to previous work but with modified scaling constants. Binary SMBHs tend to eject their fastest stars towards the binary orbital plane. We calculate the ejection rates as the binary SMBHs inspiral, and find that they eject stars with velocities v∞ > 1000 km s-1 at rates of ~ 4 × 10-2 - 2 × 10-1 yr-1 for q = 1 (~ 10-4 - 10-3 yr-1 for q = 0.01) over their lifetimes, and can emit a burst of HVSs with v∞ > 3000 km s-1 as they coalesce. We integrate the stellar distributions over the binary SMBH inspiral and compare them to those produced by the ‘Hills mechanism’ (in which a single SMBH ejects a star after tidally separating a binary star system), and find thatmore »
- Authors:
-
[2];
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1481794
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1543973
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 482 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy & Astrophysics
Citation Formats
Darbha, Siva, Coughlin, Eric R., Kasen, Daniel, and Quataert, Eliot. Gravitational interactions of stars with supermassive black hole binaries – II. Hypervelocity stars. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2786.
Darbha, Siva, Coughlin, Eric R., Kasen, Daniel, & Quataert, Eliot. Gravitational interactions of stars with supermassive black hole binaries – II. Hypervelocity stars. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2786
Darbha, Siva, Coughlin, Eric R., Kasen, Daniel, and Quataert, Eliot. Mon .
"Gravitational interactions of stars with supermassive black hole binaries – II. Hypervelocity stars". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2786.
@article{osti_1481794,
title = {Gravitational interactions of stars with supermassive black hole binaries – II. Hypervelocity stars},
author = {Darbha, Siva and Coughlin, Eric R. and Kasen, Daniel and Quataert, Eliot},
abstractNote = {Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei can eject hypervelocity stars (HVSs). Using restricted three-body integrations, we study the properties of stars ejected by circular, binary SMBHs as a function of their mass ratios q = M2/M1 and separations a, focusing on the stellar velocity and angular distributions. We find that the ejection probability is an increasing function of q and a, and that the mean ejected velocity scales with q and a similar to previous work but with modified scaling constants. Binary SMBHs tend to eject their fastest stars towards the binary orbital plane. We calculate the ejection rates as the binary SMBHs inspiral, and find that they eject stars with velocities v∞ > 1000 km s-1 at rates of ~ 4 × 10-2 - 2 × 10-1 yr-1 for q = 1 (~ 10-4 - 10-3 yr-1 for q = 0.01) over their lifetimes, and can emit a burst of HVSs with v∞ > 3000 km s-1 as they coalesce. We integrate the stellar distributions over the binary SMBH inspiral and compare them to those produced by the ‘Hills mechanism’ (in which a single SMBH ejects a star after tidally separating a binary star system), and find that N ~ 100 HVS velocity samples with v∞ ≳ 200 km s-1 are needed to confidently distinguish between a binary and single SMBH origin.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/sty2786},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 482,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Mon Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Mon Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Cited by: 10 works
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: The escape probability $λ$esc = $N$esc/$N$$e$ for the SMBHB mechanism, plotted versus a) $a$ = $\tilde{a}$/$\tilde{r}$t1 and b) $q$ = $M$2/$M$1, where $N$esc ($N$$e$ = 5× 106) is the number of escapes (encounters), and where an “escape” occurs when a star crosses the sphere at $\tilde{r}$/$\tilde{a}$ = 100.more »
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Evolution of supermassive black hole binaries and tidal disruption rates in non-spherical galactic nuclei
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