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Title: iPTF 16hgs: A Double-peaked Ca-rich Gap Transient in a Metal-poor, Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy

Abstract

Calcium-rich gap transients represent an intriguing new class of faint and fast-evolving supernovae that exhibit strong [Ca II] emission in their nebular phase spectra. Here in this paper, we present the discovery and follow-up observations of a faint and fast-evolving transient, iPTF 16hgs, that exhibited a double-peaked light curve. Exhibiting a Type Ib spectrum in the photospheric phase and an early transition to a [Ca II] dominated nebular phase, iPTF 16hgs shows properties consistent with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, with two important exceptions. First, while the second peak of the light curve is similar to other Ca-rich gap transients, the first blue and fast-fading peak (declining over ≈2 days) is unique to this source. Second, we find that iPTF 16hgs occurred in the outskirts (projected offset of ≈6 kpc ≈ 1.9 R eff) of a low-metallicity (≈0.4 Z ⊙), star-forming, dwarf spiral galaxy. Deep limits from late-time radio observations suggest a low-density environment for the source. If iPTF 16hgs shares explosion physics with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, the first peak can be explained by the presence of 0.01 M ⊙ of 56Ni in the outer layers the ejecta, reminiscent of some models of He-shell detonations onmore » WDs. However, if iPTF 16hgs is physically unrelated to the class, the first peak is consistent with shock cooling emission (of an envelope with a mass of ≈0.08 M ⊙ and radius of ≈13 R ⊙) in a core-collapse explosion of a highly stripped massive star in a close binary system.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [9];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1] more »;  [5] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Centre for Astrophysics
  2. Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy
  3. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  4. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division; Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Joint Space-Science Inst.
  5. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics
  6. Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics
  7. National Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan). Inst. of Astronomy and Department of Physics
  8. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre
  9. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
  10. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  11. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab.
  12. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
OSTI Identifier:
1480818
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 866; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (iPTF 16hgs); surveys

Citation Formats

De, Kishalay, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Cantwell, Therese, Cao, Yi, Cenko, S. Bradley, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Johansson, Joel, Kong, Albert, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Lunnan, Ragnhild, Masci, Frank, Matuszewski, Matt, Mooley, Kunal P., Neill, James D., Nugent, Peter E., Ofek, Eran O., Perrott, Yvette, Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Rubin, Adam, Sullivan, Donal O’, and Yaron, Ofer. iPTF 16hgs: A Double-peaked Ca-rich Gap Transient in a Metal-poor, Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadf8e.
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De, Kishalay, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Cantwell, Therese, Cao, Yi, Cenko, S. Bradley, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Johansson, Joel, Kong, Albert, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Lunnan, Ragnhild, Masci, Frank, Matuszewski, Matt, Mooley, Kunal P., Neill, James D., Nugent, Peter E., Ofek, Eran O., Perrott, Yvette, Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Rubin, Adam, Sullivan, Donal O’, & Yaron, Ofer. iPTF 16hgs: A Double-peaked Ca-rich Gap Transient in a Metal-poor, Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadf8e
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De, Kishalay, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Cantwell, Therese, Cao, Yi, Cenko, S. Bradley, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Johansson, Joel, Kong, Albert, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Lunnan, Ragnhild, Masci, Frank, Matuszewski, Matt, Mooley, Kunal P., Neill, James D., Nugent, Peter E., Ofek, Eran O., Perrott, Yvette, Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Rubin, Adam, Sullivan, Donal O’, and Yaron, Ofer. Wed . "iPTF 16hgs: A Double-peaked Ca-rich Gap Transient in a Metal-poor, Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadf8e. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480818.
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@article{osti_1480818,
title = {iPTF 16hgs: A Double-peaked Ca-rich Gap Transient in a Metal-poor, Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy},
author = {De, Kishalay and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Cantwell, Therese and Cao, Yi and Cenko, S. Bradley and Gal-Yam, Avishay and Johansson, Joel and Kong, Albert and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. and Lunnan, Ragnhild and Masci, Frank and Matuszewski, Matt and Mooley, Kunal P. and Neill, James D. and Nugent, Peter E. and Ofek, Eran O. and Perrott, Yvette and Rebbapragada, Umaa D. and Rubin, Adam and Sullivan, Donal O’ and Yaron, Ofer},
abstractNote = {Calcium-rich gap transients represent an intriguing new class of faint and fast-evolving supernovae that exhibit strong [Ca II] emission in their nebular phase spectra. Here in this paper, we present the discovery and follow-up observations of a faint and fast-evolving transient, iPTF 16hgs, that exhibited a double-peaked light curve. Exhibiting a Type Ib spectrum in the photospheric phase and an early transition to a [Ca II] dominated nebular phase, iPTF 16hgs shows properties consistent with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, with two important exceptions. First, while the second peak of the light curve is similar to other Ca-rich gap transients, the first blue and fast-fading peak (declining over ≈2 days) is unique to this source. Second, we find that iPTF 16hgs occurred in the outskirts (projected offset of ≈6 kpc ≈ 1.9 R eff) of a low-metallicity (≈0.4 Z ⊙), star-forming, dwarf spiral galaxy. Deep limits from late-time radio observations suggest a low-density environment for the source. If iPTF 16hgs shares explosion physics with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, the first peak can be explained by the presence of 0.01 M ⊙ of 56Ni in the outer layers the ejecta, reminiscent of some models of He-shell detonations on WDs. However, if iPTF 16hgs is physically unrelated to the class, the first peak is consistent with shock cooling emission (of an envelope with a mass of ≈0.08 M ⊙ and radius of ≈13 R ⊙) in a core-collapse explosion of a highly stripped massive star in a close binary system.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aadf8e},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 866,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadf8e
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Discovery field of iPTF 16hgs. Shown here are the discovery (left), reference (middle) and subtracted transient image (right) of iPTF 16hgs from the Palomar 48-inch telescope in r band. The location of the transient is highlighted by the green cross.
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journal, August 2017

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