Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations
Abstract
Here, a continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest (I = 1/2, JP = 1/2±) baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest (1/2,1/2+) doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely S-wave in nature; and the first excited state in this 1/2+ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest (1/2,1/2–) doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly P-wave in nature, but possess measurable S-wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-paritymore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
- Univ. Cruzeiro do Sul, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Forschungszentrum Julich and JARA, Julich (Germany)
- Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain)
- Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (People's Republic of China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1480433
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1421305
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review D
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, and Wan, Shaolong. Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016.
Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, & Wan, Shaolong. Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016
Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, and Wan, Shaolong. Thu .
"Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480433.
@article{osti_1480433,
title = {Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations},
author = {Chen, Chen and El-Bennich, Bruno and Roberts, Craig D. and Schmidt, Sebastian M. and Segovia, Jorge and Wan, Shaolong},
abstractNote = {Here, a continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest (I = 1/2, JP = 1/2±) baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest (1/2,1/2+) doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely S-wave in nature; and the first excited state in this 1/2+ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest (1/2,1/2–) doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly P-wave in nature, but possess measurable S-wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-parity channels must owe to chiral symmetry breaking, which is overwhelmingly dynamical in the light-quark sector. Consequently, experiments that can validate the contrasts drawn herein between the structure of the four lightest (1/2,1/2±) doublets will prove valuable in testing links between emergent mass generation and observable phenomena and, plausibly, thereby revealing dynamical features of confinement.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 3,
volume = 97,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:

Works referenced in this record:
dependence of the photocoupling and evidence for a -wave resonance in η electroproduction
journal, July 2007
- Denizli, H.; Mueller, J.; Dytman, S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 1
-wave baryons in the quark model
journal, December 1978
- Isgur, Nathan; Karl, Gabriel
- Physical Review D, Vol. 18, Issue 11
Process-independent strong running coupling
journal, September 2017
- Binosi, Daniele; Mezrag, Cédric; Papavassiliou, Joannis
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 5
The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model
journal, May 2016
- Horn, Tanja; Roberts, Craig D.
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 7
Bridging a gap between continuum-QCD and ab initio predictions of hadron observables
journal, March 2015
- Binosi, Daniele; Chang, Lei; Papavassiliou, Joannis
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 742
Natural constraints on the gluon-quark vertex
journal, February 2017
- Binosi, Daniele; Chang, Lei; Papavassiliou, Joannis
- Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Analysis of full-QCD and quenched-QCD lattice propagators
conference, January 2006
- Bhagwat, M. S.
- PARTICLES AND NUCLEI: Seventeenth Internatinal Conference on Particles and Nuclei, AIP Conference Proceedings
Electromagnetic pion form factor and neutral pion decay width
journal, August 1996
- Roberts, Craig D.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 605, Issue 4
Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum
journal, July 2017
- Lu, Ya; Chen, Chen; Roberts, Craig D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 1
Quark-gluon vertex model and lattice-QCD data
journal, November 2004
- Bhagwat, M. S.; Tandy, P. C.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 9
Baryon Structure and QCD
journal, January 1989
- Cahill, Rt; Roberts, Cd; Praschifka, J.
- Australian Journal of Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Completing the Picture of the Roper Resonance
journal, October 2015
- Segovia, Jorge; El-Bennich, Bruno; Rojas, Eduardo
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 17
Exciting flavored bound states
journal, October 2014
- Rojas, E.; El-Bennich, B.; de Melo, J. P. B. C.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 7
Electromagnetic Meson Production in the Nucleon Resonance Region
journal, December 2004
- Burkert, V. D.; Lee, T. -S. H.
- International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 13, Issue 06
Light baryons and their excitations
journal, November 2016
- Eichmann, Gernot; Fischer, Christian S.; Sanchis-Alepuz, Hèlios
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 9
Revisiting the vector and axial-vector vacuum susceptibilities
journal, November 2008
- Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-xin; Sun, Wei-min
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 669, Issue 5
Symmetry preserving truncations of the gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations
journal, May 2016
- Binosi, Daniele; Chang, Lei; Papavassiliou, Joannis
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 9
Tracing masses of ground-state light-quark mesons
journal, May 2012
- Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 5
Spectrum of Hadrons with Strangeness
journal, July 2012
- Chen, Chen; Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 53, Issue 3-4
Resonance Dynamics in Coupled Channels
journal, January 2014
- DÖRing, Michael
- International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 26
Light baryons below and above the deconfinement transition: medium effects and parity doubling
journal, June 2017
- Aarts, Gert; Allton, Chris; De Boni, Davide
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 6
Calculation of diquark masses in QCD
journal, November 1987
- Cahill, R. T.; Roberts, C. D.; Praschifka, J.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 36, Issue 9
Measurements of cross sections with CLAS at GeV and
journal, August 2017
- Isupov, E. L.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 2
Evidence for a Pion-Nucleon Resonance at 556 MeV
journal, March 1964
- Roper, L. David
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 12
Extraction of resonances from data
journal, June 2010
- Kamano, H.; Nakamura, S. X.; Lee, T. -S. H.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 6
Electroproduction of the nucleon resonance in QCD
journal, July 2015
- Anikin, I. V.; Braun, V. M.; Offen, N.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 1
Parton distribution amplitudes of light vector mesons
journal, July 2014
- Gao, Fei; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-Xin
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 1
Effective quark masses in the chiral limit
journal, December 1976
- Politzer, H. David
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 117, Issue 2
Electroproduction of the resonance at high momentum transfer
journal, August 1999
- Armstrong, C. S.; Stoler, P.; Adams, G. S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 60, Issue 5
Evidence for an Resonance at 1425 MeV
journal, November 1964
- Adelman, Stuart Lee
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 18
Imaging Dynamical Chiral-Symmetry Breaking: Pion Wave Function on the Light Front
journal, March 2013
- Chang, Lei; Cloët, I. C.; Cobos-Martinez, J. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 13
Progress in the Calculation of Nucleon Transition form Factors
journal, June 2016
- Eichmann, Gernot
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 57, Issue 10
Nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channels model of and reactions
journal, September 2013
- Kamano, H.; Nakamura, S. X.; Lee, T. -S. H.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Masses of Ground- and Excited-State Hadrons
journal, March 2011
- Roberts, Hannes L. L.; Chang, Lei; Cloët, Ian C.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 51, Issue 1
Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances from CLAS data on single pion electroproduction
journal, November 2009
- Aznauryan, I. G.; Burkert, V. D.; Biselli, A. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 80, Issue 5
Baryons as relativistic three-quark bound states
journal, November 2016
- Eichmann, Gernot; Sanchis-Alepuz, Hèlios; Williams, Richard
- Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 91
Hadronisation of QCD
journal, January 1989
- Cahill, Rt
- Australian Journal of Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Quark-diquark approximation of the three-quark structure of baryons in the quark confinement model
journal, December 1990
- Efimov, G. V.; Ivanov, M. A.; Lyubovitskij, V. E.
- Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Coupled-channel dynamics in the reactions πN → πN, ηN, KΛ, KΣ
journal, April 2013
- Rönchen, D.; Döring, M.; Huang, F.
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 49, Issue 4
Describing and decays
journal, October 1999
- Bloch, J. C. R.; Kalinovsky, Yu. L.; Roberts, C. D.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 60, Issue 11
Pion-nucleon phase shifts and resonances
journal, September 1964
- Auvil, P.; Lovelace, C.; Donnachie, A.
- Physics Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances of the multiplet in a light-front relativistic quark model
journal, June 2017
- Aznauryan, I. G.; Burkert, V. D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6
Understanding the nucleon as a Borromean bound-state
journal, November 2015
- Segovia, Jorge; Roberts, Craig D.; Schmidt, Sebastian M.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 750
Energy-Dependent Pion-Nucleon Phase-Shift Analysis
journal, April 1965
- Roper, L. David; Wright, Robert M.; Feld, Bernard T.
- Physical Review, Vol. 138, Issue 1B
Baryon Structure and QCD: Nucleon Calculations
journal, January 1989
- Burden, Cj; Cahill, Rt; Praschifka, J.
- Australian Journal of Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Hadronization of quark flavor dynamics
journal, July 1990
- Reinhardt, H.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 244, Issue 2
Perspective on the Origin of Hadron Masses
journal, December 2016
- Roberts, Craig D.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Exclusive processes in perturbative quantum chromodynamics
journal, November 1980
- Lepage, G. Peter; Brodsky, Stanley J.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 22, Issue 9
Perspective on rainbow-ladder truncation
journal, April 2008
- Eichmann, G.; Alkofer, R.; Cloët, I. C.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 77, Issue 4
Distribution amplitudes of radially-excited and mesons
journal, June 2016
- Li, B. -L.; Chang, L.; Gao, F.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 11
Precise Relations between the Spectra of Vector and Axial-Vector Mesons
journal, March 1967
- Weinberg, Steven
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 13
T dependence of pseudoscalar and scalar correlations
journal, January 2001
- Maris, P.; Roberts, C. D.; Schmidt, S. M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 63, Issue 2
Electroproduction of mesons in the resonance region at high momentum transfer
journal, July 2009
- Dalton, M. M.; Adams, G. S.; Ahmidouch, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 80, Issue 1
Studies of n* Structure from the clas Meson Electroproduction data
journal, January 2014
- Mokeev, V. I.; Aznauryan, I. G.
- International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 26
Dynamical coupled-channels model of scattering in the GeV nucleon resonance region
journal, December 2007
- Juliá-Díaz, B.; Lee, T. -S. H.; Matsuyama, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 6
Pion-nucleon interactions between Tlab = 300 and Tlab = 700 MeV
journal, January 1964
- Bareyre, P.; Bricman, C.; Valladas, G.
- Physics Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Baryon and meson screening masses
journal, April 2013
- Wang, Kun-lun; Liu, Yu-xin; Chang, Lei
- Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 7
Quark propagator in Landau and Laplacian gauges with overlap fermions
journal, January 2005
- Zhang, J. B.; Bowman, Patrick O.; Coad, Ryan J.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 1
Dressed-Quark Anomalous Magnetic Moments
journal, February 2011
- Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-Xin; Roberts, Craig D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 7
Light front distribution of the chiral condensate
journal, November 2013
- Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.; Schmidt, Sebastian M.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 727, Issue 1-3
Leading-twist distribution amplitudes of scalar and vector mesons
journal, November 2016
- Li, B. -L.; Chang, L.; Ding, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 9
Electromagnetic from factors of charged and neutral kaons
journal, March 1996
- Burden, C. J.; Roberts, C. D.; Thomson, M. J.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 371, Issue 3-4
Sketching the Bethe-Salpeter Kernel
journal, August 2009
- Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 8
Pseudoscalar meson radial excitations
journal, October 2004
- Höll, A.; Krassnigg, A.; Roberts, C. D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 70, Issue 4
Studies of Nucleon Resonance Structure in Exclusive Meson Electroproduction
journal, June 2013
- Aznauryan, I. G.; Bashir, A.; Braun, V. M.
- International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 22, Issue 06
Meson screening masses from lattice QCD with two light quarks and one strange quark
journal, February 2011
- Cheng, M.; Datta, S.; Francis, A.
- The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 71, Issue 2
Bethe-Salpeter study of vector meson masses and decay constants
journal, October 1999
- Maris, Pieter; Tandy, Peter C.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 60, Issue 5
The Reaction at and above the Baryon Resonance
journal, February 2001
- Thompson, R.; Dytman, S.; Kim, K. Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 9
Asymptotic freedom and Goldstone realization of chiral symmetry
journal, October 1974
- Lane, Kenneth
- Physical Review D, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Dissecting nucleon transition electromagnetic form factors
journal, October 2016
- Segovia, Jorge; Roberts, Craig D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 4
Investigation of rainbow-ladder truncation for excited and exotic mesons
journal, March 2012
- Qin, Si-xue; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-xin
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 3
Baryon Mass Splitting in a Boson-Fermion Model
journal, March 1967
- Lichtenberg, D. B.; Tassie, L. J.
- Physical Review, Vol. 155, Issue 5
Toward unifying the description of meson and baryon properties
journal, January 2009
- Eichmann, G.; Cloët, I. C.; Alkofer, R.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 1
Disentangling the Dynamical Origin of Nucleon Resonances
journal, January 2010
- Suzuki, N.; Juliá-Díaz, B.; Kamano, H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 4
Quark-Diquark Model of Baryons and
journal, March 1968
- Lichtenberg, D. B.; Tassie, L. J.; Keleman, P. J.
- Physical Review, Vol. 167, Issue 5
Octet and decuplet baryons in a covariant and confining diquark-quark model
journal, October 1998
- Oettel, M.; Hellstern, G.; Alkofer, R.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 58, Issue 4
Valence-quark distributions in the pion
journal, January 2001
- Hecht, M. B.; Roberts, C. D.; Schmidt, S. M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 63, Issue 2
Nucleon Resonances: From Photoproduction to High Photon Virtualities
journal, September 2016
- Gothe, Ralf W.; Mokeev, Viktor; Santopinto, Elena
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 57, Issue 10
Aspects of hadron physics
journal, January 2007
- Roberts, C. D.; Bhagwat, M. S.; Höll, A.
- The European Physical Journal Special Topics, Vol. 140, Issue 1
Nucleon and $${\Delta}$$ Δ Elastic and Transition Form Factors
journal, October 2014
- Segovia, Jorge; Cloët, Ian C.; Roberts, Craig D.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 55, Issue 12
Works referencing / citing this record:
Spectrum of Light- and Heavy-Baryons
journal, April 2019
- Qin, S. -X.; Roberts, C. D.; Schmidt, S. M.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 60, Issue 2
Bound state properties from the functional renormalization group
journal, March 2019
- Alkofer, Reinhard; Maas, Axel; Mian, Walid Ahmed
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 5
Bound state properties from the Functional Renormalisation Group
text, January 2018
- Alkofer, Reinhard; Maas, Axel; Mian, Walid Ahmed
- arXiv
Hyperons in thermal QCD: A lattice view
text, January 2018
- Aarts, Gert; Allton, Chris; De Boni, Davide
- arXiv
Masses of ground-state mesons and baryons, including those with heavy quarks
text, January 2019
- Yin, Pei-Lin; Chen, Chen; Krein, Gastao
- arXiv
Figures / Tables found in this record: