Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations

Chen, Chen; El-Bennich, Bruno; Roberts, Craig D.; Schmidt, Sebastian M.; Segovia, Jorge; Wan, Shaolong

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016

Title: Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations

Abstract

Here, a continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest (I = 1/2, J^P = 1/2^±) baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest (1/2,1/2⁺) doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely S-wave in nature; and the first excited state in this 1/2⁺ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest (1/2,1/2^–) doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly P-wave in nature, but possess measurable S-wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-paritymore »« less

Authors:

Chen, Chen ^[1]; El-Bennich, Bruno ^[2]; Roberts, Craig D. ^[3]; Schmidt, Sebastian M. ^[4]; Segovia, Jorge ^[5]; Wan, Shaolong ^[6]

Univ. Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Univ. Cruzeiro do Sul, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Forschungszentrum Julich and JARA, Julich (Germany)
Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain)
Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (People's Republic of China)

Publication Date:: 2018-02-15

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1480433

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1421305

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, and Wan, Shaolong. Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016.

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                    Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, & Wan, Shaolong. Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016

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                    Chen, Chen, El-Bennich, Bruno, Roberts, Craig D., Schmidt, Sebastian M., Segovia, Jorge, and Wan, Shaolong. Thu .  
"Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480433.

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@article{osti_1480433,

  title        = {Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations},

  author       = {Chen, Chen and El-Bennich, Bruno and Roberts, Craig D. and Schmidt, Sebastian M. and Segovia, Jorge and Wan, Shaolong},

  abstractNote = {Here, a continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest (I = 1/2, JP = 1/2±) baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest (1/2,1/2+) doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely S-wave in nature; and the first excited state in this 1/2+ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest (1/2,1/2–) doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly P-wave in nature, but possess measurable S-wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-parity channels must owe to chiral symmetry breaking, which is overwhelmingly dynamical in the light-quark sector. Consequently, experiments that can validate the contrasts drawn herein between the structure of the four lightest (1/2,1/2±) doublets will prove valuable in testing links between emergent mass generation and observable phenomena and, plausibly, thereby revealing dynamical features of confinement.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.97.034016},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 97,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

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FIG. 1.: Poincaré covariant Faddeev equation: a homogeneous linear integral equation for the matrix-valued function $\Psi$, being the Faddeev amplitude for a baryon of total momentum $P$ = $p$_$q$ + $p$_$d$, which expresses the relative momentum correlation between the dressed-quarks and -diquarks within the baryon. The shaded rectangle demarcates themore »

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Spectrum of Light- and Heavy-Baryons
journal, April 2019

Qin, S. -X.; Roberts, C. D.; Schmidt, S. M.
Few-Body Systems, Vol. 60, Issue 2
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Bound state properties from the Functional Renormalisation Group
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Alkofer, Reinhard; Maas, Axel; Mian, Walid Ahmed
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Yin, Pei-Lin; Chen, Chen; Krein, Gastao
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Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum

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Here, we describe a calculation of the spectrum of flavor-SU(3) octet and decuplet baryons, their parity partners, and the radial excitations of these systems, made using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector x vector contact interaction as the foundation for the relevant few-body equations. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking generates nonpointlike diquarks within these baryons and hence, using the contact interaction, flavor-antitriplet scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and flavor-sextet axial-vector quark-quark correlations can all play active roles. The model yields reasonable masses for all systems studied and Faddeev amplitudes for ground states and associated parity partners that sketch a realistic picture of theirmore »« less
Cited by 32
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.015208

Full Text Available
Electromagnetic form factors and charge densities from hadrons to nuclei

Journal Article Miller, Gerald A - Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics

A simple exact covariant model in which a scalar particle {psi} is modeled as a bound state of two different particles is used to elucidate relativistic aspects of electromagnetic form factors F(Q{sup 2}). The model form factor is computed using an exact covariant calculation of the lowest order triangle diagram. The light-front technique of integrating over the minus component of the virtual momentum gives the same result and is the same as the one obtained originally by Gunion et al. [Phys. Rev. D 8, 287 (1973)] by using time-ordered perturbation theory in the infinite-momentum frame. The meaning of the transversemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVC.80.045210
Nucleon Viewed as a Borromean Bound-State

Conference Segovia, Jorge ; Mezrag, Cedric ; Chang, Lei ; ...

We explain how the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking ensures that Poincare covariant analyses of the three valence-quark scattering problem in continuum quantum field theory yield a picture of the nucleon as a Borromean bound-state, in which binding arises primarily through the sum of two separate contributions. One involves aspects of the non-Abelian character of Quantum Chromodynamics that are expressed in the strong running coupling and generate tight, dynamical color-antitriplet quark-quark correlations in the scalar-isoscalar and pseudovector-isotriplet channels. This attraction is magnified by quark exchange associated with diquark breakup and reformation, which is required in order to ensuremore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-018-1341-7

Full Text Available
Parton distribution amplitudes: Revealing correlations within the proton and Roper

Journal Article Mezrag, Cédric ; Segovia, Jorge ; Chang, Lei ; ... - Physics Letters B

Constrained by solutions of the continuum three-valence-body bound-state equations, we use perturbation theory integral representations (PTIRs) to develop algebraic Ansatze for the Faddeev wave functions of the proton and its first radial excitation, delivering therewith a quantum field theory calculation of the pointwise behaviour of their leading-twist parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs). The proton's PDA is a broad, concave function, with its maximum shifted relative to the peak in QCD's conformal limit expression for this PDA. The size and direction of this shift signal the presence of both scalar and pseudovector diquark correlations in the nucleon, with the scalar generating aroundmore »« less
Cited by 27
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.06.062

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Title: Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations

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P -wave baryons in the quark model journal, December 1978

Process-independent strong running coupling journal, September 2017

The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model journal, May 2016

Bridging a gap between continuum-QCD and ab initio predictions of hadron observables journal, March 2015

Natural constraints on the gluon-quark vertex journal, February 2017

Analysis of full-QCD and quenched-QCD lattice propagators conference, January 2006

Electromagnetic pion form factor and neutral pion decay width journal, August 1996

Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum journal, July 2017

Quark-gluon vertex model and lattice-QCD data journal, November 2004

Baryon Structure and QCD journal, January 1989

Completing the Picture of the Roper Resonance journal, October 2015

Exciting flavored bound states journal, October 2014

Electromagnetic Meson Production in the Nucleon Resonance Region journal, December 2004

Light baryons and their excitations journal, November 2016

Revisiting the vector and axial-vector vacuum susceptibilities journal, November 2008

Symmetry preserving truncations of the gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations journal, May 2016

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Spectrum of Hadrons with Strangeness journal, July 2012

Resonance Dynamics in Coupled Channels journal, January 2014

Light baryons below and above the deconfinement transition: medium effects and parity doubling journal, June 2017

Calculation of diquark masses in QCD journal, November 1987

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Evidence for a P 11 Pion-Nucleon Resonance at 556 MeV journal, March 1964

Extraction of P 11 resonances from π N data journal, June 2010

Electroproduction of the N * ( 1535 ) nucleon resonance in QCD journal, July 2015

Parton distribution amplitudes of light vector mesons journal, July 2014

Effective quark masses in the chiral limit journal, December 1976

Electroproduction of the S 11 ( 1535 ) resonance at high momentum transfer journal, August 1999

Evidence for an N * Resonance at 1425 MeV journal, November 1964

Imaging Dynamical Chiral-Symmetry Breaking: Pion Wave Function on the Light Front journal, March 2013

Progress in the Calculation of Nucleon Transition form Factors journal, June 2016

Nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channels model of π N and γ N reactions journal, September 2013

Masses of Ground- and Excited-State Hadrons journal, March 2011

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances from CLAS data on single pion electroproduction journal, November 2009

Baryons as relativistic three-quark bound states journal, November 2016

Hadronisation of QCD journal, January 1989

Quark-diquark approximation of the three-quark structure of baryons in the quark confinement model journal, December 1990

Coupled-channel dynamics in the reactions πN → πN, ηN, KΛ, KΣ journal, April 2013

Describing a 1 and b 1 decays journal, October 1999

Pion-nucleon phase shifts and resonances journal, September 1964

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances of the [ 70 , 1 − ] multiplet in a light-front relativistic quark model journal, June 2017

Understanding the nucleon as a Borromean bound-state journal, November 2015

Energy-Dependent Pion-Nucleon Phase-Shift Analysis journal, April 1965

Baryon Structure and QCD: Nucleon Calculations journal, January 1989

Hadronization of quark flavor dynamics journal, July 1990

Perspective on the Origin of Hadron Masses journal, December 2016

Exclusive processes in perturbative quantum chromodynamics journal, November 1980

Perspective on rainbow-ladder truncation journal, April 2008

Distribution amplitudes of radially-excited π and K mesons journal, June 2016

Precise Relations between the Spectra of Vector and Axial-Vector Mesons journal, March 1967

T dependence of pseudoscalar and scalar correlations journal, January 2001

Electroproduction of η mesons in the S 11 ( 1535 ) resonance region at high momentum transfer journal, July 2009

Studies of n* Structure from the clas Meson Electroproduction data journal, January 2014

Dynamical coupled-channels model of π N scattering in the W ⩽ 2 GeV nucleon resonance region journal, December 2007

Pion-nucleon interactions between Tlab = 300 and Tlab = 700 MeV journal, January 1964

Baryon and meson screening masses journal, April 2013

Quark propagator in Landau and Laplacian gauges with overlap fermions journal, January 2005

Dressed-Quark Anomalous Magnetic Moments journal, February 2011

Light front distribution of the chiral condensate journal, November 2013

Leading-twist distribution amplitudes of scalar and vector mesons journal, November 2016

Electromagnetic from factors of charged and neutral kaons journal, March 1996

Sketching the Bethe-Salpeter Kernel journal, August 2009

Pseudoscalar meson radial excitations journal, October 2004

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The ep → e ′ p η Reaction at and above the S 11 ( 1535 ) Baryon Resonance journal, February 2001

Asymptotic freedom and Goldstone realization of chiral symmetry journal, October 1974

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Investigation of rainbow-ladder truncation for excited and exotic mesons journal, March 2012

Baryon Mass Splitting in a Boson-Fermion Model journal, March 1967

Toward unifying the description of meson and baryon properties journal, January 2009

Disentangling the Dynamical Origin of P 11 Nucleon Resonances journal, January 2010

Quark-Diquark Model of Baryons and SU ( 6 ) journal, March 1968

Octet and decuplet baryons in a covariant and confining diquark-quark model journal, October 1998

$Q^{2}$ dependence of the $S_{11} (1535)$ photocoupling and evidence for a $P$ -wave resonance in η electroproduction
journal, July 2007

$P$ -wave baryons in the quark model
journal, December 1978

Process-independent strong running coupling
journal, September 2017

The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model
journal, May 2016

Bridging a gap between continuum-QCD and ab initio predictions of hadron observables
journal, March 2015

Natural constraints on the gluon-quark vertex
journal, February 2017

Analysis of full-QCD and quenched-QCD lattice propagators
conference, January 2006

Electromagnetic pion form factor and neutral pion decay width
journal, August 1996

Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum
journal, July 2017

Quark-gluon vertex model and lattice-QCD data
journal, November 2004

Baryon Structure and QCD
journal, January 1989

Completing the Picture of the Roper Resonance
journal, October 2015

Exciting flavored bound states
journal, October 2014

Electromagnetic Meson Production in the Nucleon Resonance Region
journal, December 2004

Light baryons and their excitations
journal, November 2016

Revisiting the vector and axial-vector vacuum susceptibilities
journal, November 2008

Symmetry preserving truncations of the gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations
journal, May 2016

Tracing masses of ground-state light-quark mesons
journal, May 2012

Spectrum of Hadrons with Strangeness
journal, July 2012

Resonance Dynamics in Coupled Channels
journal, January 2014

Light baryons below and above the deconfinement transition: medium effects and parity doubling
journal, June 2017

Calculation of diquark masses in QCD
journal, November 1987

Measurements of $e p \to e^{'} π^{+} π^{-} p^{'}$ cross sections with CLAS at $1.40 GeV < W < 2.0$ GeV and $2.0 {GeV}^{2} < Q^{2} < 5.0 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, August 2017

Evidence for a $P_{11}$ Pion-Nucleon Resonance at 556 MeV
journal, March 1964

Extraction of $P_{11}$ resonances from $π N$ data
journal, June 2010

Electroproduction of the $N^{*} (1535)$ nucleon resonance in QCD
journal, July 2015

Parton distribution amplitudes of light vector mesons
journal, July 2014

Effective quark masses in the chiral limit
journal, December 1976

Electroproduction of the $S_{11} (1535)$ resonance at high momentum transfer
journal, August 1999

Evidence for an $N^{*}$ Resonance at 1425 MeV
journal, November 1964

Imaging Dynamical Chiral-Symmetry Breaking: Pion Wave Function on the Light Front
journal, March 2013

Progress in the Calculation of Nucleon Transition form Factors
journal, June 2016

Nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channels model of $π N$ and $γ N$ reactions
journal, September 2013

Masses of Ground- and Excited-State Hadrons
journal, March 2011

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances from CLAS data on single pion electroproduction
journal, November 2009

Baryons as relativistic three-quark bound states
journal, November 2016

Hadronisation of QCD
journal, January 1989

Quark-diquark approximation of the three-quark structure of baryons in the quark confinement model
journal, December 1990

Coupled-channel dynamics in the reactions πN → πN, ηN, KΛ, KΣ
journal, April 2013

Describing $a_{1}$ and $b_{1}$ decays
journal, October 1999

Pion-nucleon phase shifts and resonances
journal, September 1964

Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances of the $[70, 1^{-}]$ multiplet in a light-front relativistic quark model
journal, June 2017

Understanding the nucleon as a Borromean bound-state
journal, November 2015

Energy-Dependent Pion-Nucleon Phase-Shift Analysis
journal, April 1965

Baryon Structure and QCD: Nucleon Calculations
journal, January 1989

Hadronization of quark flavor dynamics
journal, July 1990

Perspective on the Origin of Hadron Masses
journal, December 2016

Exclusive processes in perturbative quantum chromodynamics
journal, November 1980

Perspective on rainbow-ladder truncation
journal, April 2008

Distribution amplitudes of radially-excited $π$ and $K$ mesons
journal, June 2016

Precise Relations between the Spectra of Vector and Axial-Vector Mesons
journal, March 1967

T dependence of pseudoscalar and scalar correlations
journal, January 2001

Electroproduction of $η$ mesons in the $S_{11} (1535)$ resonance region at high momentum transfer
journal, July 2009

Studies of n* Structure from the clas Meson Electroproduction data
journal, January 2014

Dynamical coupled-channels model of $π N$ scattering in the $W ⩽ 2$ GeV nucleon resonance region
journal, December 2007

Pion-nucleon interactions between Tlab = 300 and Tlab = 700 MeV
journal, January 1964

Baryon and meson screening masses
journal, April 2013

Quark propagator in Landau and Laplacian gauges with overlap fermions
journal, January 2005

Dressed-Quark Anomalous Magnetic Moments
journal, February 2011

Light front distribution of the chiral condensate
journal, November 2013

Leading-twist distribution amplitudes of scalar and vector mesons
journal, November 2016

Electromagnetic from factors of charged and neutral kaons
journal, March 1996

Sketching the Bethe-Salpeter Kernel
journal, August 2009

Pseudoscalar meson radial excitations
journal, October 2004

Studies of Nucleon Resonance Structure in Exclusive Meson Electroproduction
journal, June 2013

Meson screening masses from lattice QCD with two light quarks and one strange quark
journal, February 2011

Bethe-Salpeter study of vector meson masses and decay constants
journal, October 1999

The $ep \to e^{'} p η$ Reaction at and above the $S_{11} (1535)$ Baryon Resonance
journal, February 2001

Asymptotic freedom and Goldstone realization of chiral symmetry
journal, October 1974

Dissecting nucleon transition electromagnetic form factors
journal, October 2016

Investigation of rainbow-ladder truncation for excited and exotic mesons
journal, March 2012

Baryon Mass Splitting in a Boson-Fermion Model
journal, March 1967

Toward unifying the description of meson and baryon properties
journal, January 2009

Disentangling the Dynamical Origin of $P_{11}$ Nucleon Resonances
journal, January 2010

Quark-Diquark Model of Baryons and $SU (6)$
journal, March 1968

Octet and decuplet baryons in a covariant and confining diquark-quark model
journal, October 1998

Valence-quark distributions in the pion
journal, January 2001

Nucleon Resonances: From Photoproduction to High Photon Virtualities
journal, September 2016

Aspects of hadron physics
journal, January 2007

Nucleon and $${\Delta}$$ Δ Elastic and Transition Form Factors
journal, October 2014