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Title: Cavallo's multiplier for in situ generation of high voltage

Abstract

A classic electrostatic induction machine, Cavallo's multiplier, is suggested for in situ production of very high voltage in cryogenic environments. The device is suitable for generating a large electrostatic field under conditions of very small load current. Operation of the Cavallo multiplier is analyzed, with quantitative description in terms of mutual capacitances between electrodes in the system. A demonstration apparatus was constructed, and measured voltages are compared to predictions based on measured capacitances in the system. The simplicity of the Cavallo multiplier makes it amenable to electrostatic analysis using finite element software, and electrode shapes can be optimized to take advantage of a high dielectric strength medium such as liquid helium. A design study is presented for a Cavallo multiplier in a large-scale, cryogenic experiment to measure the neutron electric dipole moment.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [5]
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  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  5. Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1480027
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1480606; OSTI ID: 1492662
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-22384; LA-UR-17-29422
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; AC05-00OR22725; 89233218CNA000001
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Instrumentation
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 05; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; Atomic and Nuclear Physics; nEDM; Cryogenic detectors; Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc); Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase); Time projection Chambers (TPC); high voltage, nEDM

Citation Formats

Clayton, Steven M., Ito, Takeyasu M., Ramsey, John Clinton, Wei, Wanchun, Blatnik, Marie A., Filippone, Bradley W., and Seidel, George M. Cavallo's multiplier for in situ generation of high voltage. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05017.
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Clayton, Steven M., Ito, Takeyasu M., Ramsey, John Clinton, Wei, Wanchun, Blatnik, Marie A., Filippone, Bradley W., & Seidel, George M. Cavallo's multiplier for in situ generation of high voltage. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05017
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Clayton, Steven M., Ito, Takeyasu M., Ramsey, John Clinton, Wei, Wanchun, Blatnik, Marie A., Filippone, Bradley W., and Seidel, George M. Mon . "Cavallo's multiplier for in situ generation of high voltage". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05017. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480027.
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@article{osti_1480027,
title = {Cavallo's multiplier for in situ generation of high voltage},
author = {Clayton, Steven M. and Ito, Takeyasu M. and Ramsey, John Clinton and Wei, Wanchun and Blatnik, Marie A. and Filippone, Bradley W. and Seidel, George M.},
abstractNote = {A classic electrostatic induction machine, Cavallo's multiplier, is suggested for in situ production of very high voltage in cryogenic environments. The device is suitable for generating a large electrostatic field under conditions of very small load current. Operation of the Cavallo multiplier is analyzed, with quantitative description in terms of mutual capacitances between electrodes in the system. A demonstration apparatus was constructed, and measured voltages are compared to predictions based on measured capacitances in the system. The simplicity of the Cavallo multiplier makes it amenable to electrostatic analysis using finite element software, and electrode shapes can be optimized to take advantage of a high dielectric strength medium such as liquid helium. A design study is presented for a Cavallo multiplier in a large-scale, cryogenic experiment to measure the neutron electric dipole moment.},
doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05017},
journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
number = 05,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05017
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Conceptual drawing of a Cavallo multiplier, showing the steps to charge the capacitor formed by the isolated electrode (C) and ground including (grounded) plate D. An external power supply is connected to plate A with a wire (red line in drawing) to apply a constant voltage. The movablemore » plate (B) is held with an insulating rod (yellow). a) Plate B is grounded with a pin (top right) when positioned near plate A, acquiring a charge due to its capacitance with A. b) Plate B is disconnected from ground, which traps the induced charge, and is moved toward plate C. c) Plate B contacts plate C, transferring charge according to capacitances of the system. The steps are repeated, accumulating charge on C.« less
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Works referenced in this record:

Pelletron accelerators for very high voltage
journal, November 1974

A micro-aperture electrostatic field mill based on MEMS technology
journal, May 2001

Neutron electric-dipole moment, ultracold neutrons and polarized 3He
journal, February 1994

Plans for a Neutron EDM Experiment at SNS
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Quantum Turbulence: Achievements and Challenges
journal, October 2010

Stability of Laminar and Turbulent Flow of Superfluid 4 He at mK Temperatures around an Oscillating Microsphere
journal, June 2004

Vortex Instability and the Onset of Superfluid Turbulence
journal, March 2004

The Time Projection Chamber
journal, October 1978

  • Marx, Jay N.; Nygren, David R.
  • Physics Today, Vol. 31, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2994775

Future liquid Argon detectors
journal, February 2013

The XENON100 dark matter experiment
journal, April 2012

High voltage in noble liquids for high energy physics
journal, August 2014

First test of a high voltage feedthrough for liquid Argon TPCs connected to a 300 kV power supply
journal, March 2017

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