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Title: Characterization of the Mercury pulsed power x-ray source spectrum using multichannel density aerogel Cherenkov detectors

Abstract

The Aerogel Cherenkov Detector for Cygnus (ACD/C) is a time-dependent, x-ray spectral detector that uses SiO2 aerogels spanning an index of refraction (n = 1.02–1.07) corresponding to a 1.1–2.3 MeV x-ray energy threshold. The ACD/C was developed for pulsed power x-ray sources like Cygnus located at the Nevada National Site and Mercury located at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Aerogels sit between the measurement capabilities of gas (>2 MeV) and solids such as fused silica (>0.3 MeV). The detector uses an aluminum converter to Compton scatter incoming x-rays and create relativistic electrons, which produce Cherenkov light in an aerogel or a fused silica medium. The ACD/C was fielded at the NRL when Mercury was tuned to produce up to 4.8 MeV endpoint bremsstrahlung. Despite a high radiation and electromagnetic interference background, the ACD/C was able to achieve high signal over noise across five aerogel densities and fused silica, including a signal to noise for a 1.1 MeV aerogel threshold. Previous experiments at Cygnus observed a signal that was comparable to the noise (1×) at the same threshold. The ACD/C observed time-resolved rise and fall times for different energy thresholds of the photon spectrum. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of the ACD/C’smore » aerogel response curves were folded with a simulation of Mercury’s photon energy spectrum and agree within the error to the observed result.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [3];  [3];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Mission Support and Test Services, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
  3. Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1479994
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1476132
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-23983
Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; NA0003624
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; photon spectra; aerogel; Cherenkov detectors; Cygnus; bremsstrahlung; X-ray spectroscopy

Citation Formats

Meaney, K. D., Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Young, C. Y., Archuleta, T. A., Hamilton, C. E., Duke, D. L., Haines, T. J., Corredor, A. C., Green, J. A., Fegenbush, L., Kaufman, M. I., Malone, R. M., Baker, S. A., Richardson, S., Zier, J., Engelbrecht, J., and Culver, A. Characterization of the Mercury pulsed power x-ray source spectrum using multichannel density aerogel Cherenkov detectors. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5038745.
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Meaney, K. D., Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Young, C. Y., Archuleta, T. A., Hamilton, C. E., Duke, D. L., Haines, T. J., Corredor, A. C., Green, J. A., Fegenbush, L., Kaufman, M. I., Malone, R. M., Baker, S. A., Richardson, S., Zier, J., Engelbrecht, J., & Culver, A. Characterization of the Mercury pulsed power x-ray source spectrum using multichannel density aerogel Cherenkov detectors. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038745
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Meaney, K. D., Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Young, C. Y., Archuleta, T. A., Hamilton, C. E., Duke, D. L., Haines, T. J., Corredor, A. C., Green, J. A., Fegenbush, L., Kaufman, M. I., Malone, R. M., Baker, S. A., Richardson, S., Zier, J., Engelbrecht, J., and Culver, A. Thu . "Characterization of the Mercury pulsed power x-ray source spectrum using multichannel density aerogel Cherenkov detectors". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038745. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479994.
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@article{osti_1479994,
title = {Characterization of the Mercury pulsed power x-ray source spectrum using multichannel density aerogel Cherenkov detectors},
author = {Meaney, K. D. and Kim, Y. and Herrmann, H. W. and Young, C. Y. and Archuleta, T. A. and Hamilton, C. E. and Duke, D. L. and Haines, T. J. and Corredor, A. C. and Green, J. A. and Fegenbush, L. and Kaufman, M. I. and Malone, R. M. and Baker, S. A. and Richardson, S. and Zier, J. and Engelbrecht, J. and Culver, A.},
abstractNote = {The Aerogel Cherenkov Detector for Cygnus (ACD/C) is a time-dependent, x-ray spectral detector that uses SiO2 aerogels spanning an index of refraction (n = 1.02–1.07) corresponding to a 1.1–2.3 MeV x-ray energy threshold. The ACD/C was developed for pulsed power x-ray sources like Cygnus located at the Nevada National Site and Mercury located at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Aerogels sit between the measurement capabilities of gas (>2 MeV) and solids such as fused silica (>0.3 MeV). The detector uses an aluminum converter to Compton scatter incoming x-rays and create relativistic electrons, which produce Cherenkov light in an aerogel or a fused silica medium. The ACD/C was fielded at the NRL when Mercury was tuned to produce up to 4.8 MeV endpoint bremsstrahlung. Despite a high radiation and electromagnetic interference background, the ACD/C was able to achieve high signal over noise across five aerogel densities and fused silica, including a signal to noise for a 1.1 MeV aerogel threshold. Previous experiments at Cygnus observed a signal that was comparable to the noise (1×) at the same threshold. The ACD/C observed time-resolved rise and fall times for different energy thresholds of the photon spectrum. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of the ACD/C’s aerogel response curves were folded with a simulation of Mercury’s photon energy spectrum and agree within the error to the observed result.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5038745},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 10,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {10}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038745
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Cartoon layout of Mercury and ACD/C set up with a detailed diagram of ACD/C itself, not to scale.
All figures and tables (8 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Photo-Neutron Thresholds of Beryllium and Deuterium
journal, November 1950

Gamma Ray Measurements at OMEGA with the Newest Gas Cherenkov Detector “GCD-3”
journal, May 2016

Aerogel Cherenkov detectors in colliding beam experiments
journal, May 2015

Threshold aerogel Cherenkov detector with Fresnel lens focalization
journal, March 2007

  • Alfaro, R.; Martínez, M. I.; Paic, G.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 572, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.333

Three-dimensional density measurements of ultra low density materials by X-ray scatter using confocal micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: Confocal MXRF density measurements
journal, March 2012

  • Patterson, Brian M.; DeFriend Obrey, Kimberly A.; Hamilton, Christopher E.
  • X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol. 41, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/xrs.2389

A Cherenkov Radiation Detector With High Density Aerogels
journal, June 2009

  • Cremaldi, Lucien; Sanders, David A.; Sonnek, Peter
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 56, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1109/tns.2009.2021266

Aerogel Cherenkov detector for characterizing the intense flash x-ray source, Cygnus, spectrum
journal, August 2016

  • Kim, Y.; Herrmann, H. W.; McEvoy, A. M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4960541

Monte Carlo validation experiments for the gas Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility and Omega
journal, July 2013

  • Rubery, M. S.; Horsfield, C. J.; Herrmann, H.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 84, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4812572

High-power, photofission-inducing bremsstrahlung source for intense pulsed active detection of fissile material
journal, June 2014

  • Zier, J. C.; Mosher, D.; Allen, R. J.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 17, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevstab.17.060401
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    Table II (p. 4)table
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