Classical topological order in the kinetics of artificial spin ice

Lao, Yuyang; Caravelli, Francesco; Sheikh, Mohammed; Sklenar, Joseph; Gardeazabal, Daniel; Watts, Justin D.; Albrecht, Alan M.; Scholl, Andreas; Dahmen, Karin; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0077-0

Title: Classical topological order in the kinetics of artificial spin ice

Journal Article · 01 April 2018 · Nature Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0077-0 · OSTI ID:1479948

Lao, Yuyang ^[1];

^[2]; Sheikh, Mohammed ^[3]; Sklenar, Joseph ^[1];

^[1]; Watts, Justin D. ^[4]; Albrecht, Alan M. ^[5]; Scholl, Andreas ^[6]; Dahmen, Karin ^[3];

^[3]; Schiffer, Peter ^[1]

Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Lab.
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Theoretical Division, Inst. for Materials Science, and Center for Nonlinear Studies
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). School of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Systems of interacting nanomagnets known as artificial spin ice have allowed the design, realization and study of geometrically frustrated exotic collective states that are absent in natural magnets. We have experimentally measured the thermally induced moment fluctuations in the Shakti geometry of artificial spin ice. We show that its disordered moment configuration is a topological phase described by an emergent dimer-cover model with excitations that can be characterized as topologically charged defects. Examination of the low-energy dynamics of the system confirms that these effective topological charges have long lifetimes associated with their topological protection, that is, they can be created and annihilated only as charge pairs with opposite sign and are kinetically constrained. Here, this manifestation of classical topological order demonstrates that geometrical design in nanomagnetic systems can lead to emergent, topologically protected kinetics that can limit pathways to equilibration and ergodicity.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25396; SC0010778

OSTI ID:: 1479948

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--17-29552

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Journal Name: Nature Physics Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 14; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Ice rule fragility via topological charge transfer in artificial colloidal ice Libál, András; Lee, Dong Yun; Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06631-1	journal	October 2018
Ice rule fragility via topological charge transfer in artificial colloidal ice Libál, András; Lee, Dong Yun; Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06631-1	journal	October 2018
Topological defects produce exotic mechanics in complex metamaterials Meeussen, Anne S.; Oğuz, Erdal C.; Shokef, Yair Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0763-6	journal	January 2020
Advances in artificial spin ice Skjærvø, Sandra H.; Marrows, Christopher H.; Stamps, Robert L. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-019-0118-3	journal	November 2019
Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice Zhang, Xiaoyu; Lao, Yuyang; Sklenar, Joseph APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5126713	journal	November 2019
On the micromagnetic behavior of dipolar-coupled nanomagnets in defective square artificial spin ice systems Keswani, Neeti; Das, Pintu Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127262	journal	December 2019
Intermediate phase and pseudo phase transition in an artificial spin ice model Stancioli, R. A.; Mól, L. A. S. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.024432	journal	July 2019
Dipolar Cairo lattice: Geometrical frustration and short-range correlations Saccone, Michael; Hofhuis, Kevin; Huang, Yen-Lin Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.104402	journal	October 2019
Colloquium : Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio; Nisoli, Cristiano; Reichhardt, Charles Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.91.041003	journal	December 2019
Ice Rule Fragility via Topological Charge Transfer in Artificial Colloidal Ice Libál, András; Lee, Dong Yun; Ortiz-Ambriz, Antonio Unpublished https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.30116.32640	text	January 2018
Intermediate phase and pseudo phase transition in an artificial spin ice model Stancioli, R. A.; Mól, L. A. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.08498	text	January 2019
Understanding Thermal Annealing of Artificial Spin Ice Zhang, Xiaoyu; Lao, Yuyang; Sklenar, Joseph arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.14158	text	January 2019

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