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Title: The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [4];  [10];  [11];  [6];  [4];  [5];  [12];  [13];  [13];  [5];  [14] more »;  [14];  [4];  [15];  [6];  [5];  [16];  [16];  [5];  [1];  [5];  [2];  [17];  [18];  [5] « less
  1. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  2. INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome (Italy)
  3. University of Bath, Claverton Down (United Kingdom)
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  5. Seoul National University (South Korea)
  6. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  7. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  8. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  9. Aoyama Gakuin University (Japan)
  10. INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia (Italy)
  11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  12. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse (Germany)
  13. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico)
  14. INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate (Italy)
  15. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain); Universidad de La Laguna (Spain)
  16. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (South Korea)
  17. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  18. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping (Australia)

We present a long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Lastly, our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1479933
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--17-29087
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7678 Vol. 551; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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GW170817: The Energy Extraction Process of the Off-axis Relativistic Outflow and the Constraint on the Equation of State of Neutron Stars journal May 2019
SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf journal October 2019
Brightening X-Ray/Optical/Radio Emission of GW170817/SGRB 170817A: Evidence for an Electron–Positron Wind from the Central Engine? journal March 2018
Optimizing multitelescope observations of gravitational-wave counterparts journal September 2019
Jet structure in the afterglow phase for gamma-ray bursts with a precessing jet journal June 2019
Inspiralling eccentric binary neutron stars: orbital motion and tidal resonance text January 2019
The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin text January 2019
Two Years of Nonthermal Emission from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Rapid Fading of the Jet Afterglow and First Constraints on the Kilonova Fastest Ejecta journal November 2019
The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the Optical Counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, during the First Four Days journal October 2017
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis journal December 2018
Outflows from black hole hyperaccretion systems: short and long-short gamma-ray bursts and ‘quasi-supernovae’ journal March 2018
First Electromagnetic Pulse Associated with a Gravitational-Wave Event: Profile, Duration, and Delay text January 2018
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 journal December 2017