The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Troja, E.; Piro, L.; van Eerten, H.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Im, M.; Fox, O. D.; Butler, N. R.; Cenko, S. B.; Sakamoto, T.; Fryer, C. L.; Ricci, R.; Lien, A.; Ryan, R. E.; Korobkin, O.; Lee, S. -K.; Burgess, J. M.; Lee, W. H.; Watson, A. M.; Choi, C.; Covino, S.; D’Avanzo, P.; Fontes, C. J.; González, J. Becerra; Khandrika, H. G.; Kim, J.; Kim, S. -L.; Lee, C. -U.; Lee, H. M.; Kutyrev, A.; Lim, G.; Sánchez-Ramírez, R.; Veilleux, S.; Wieringa, M. H.; Yoon, Y.

doi:10.1038/nature24290

Title: The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Abstract

We present a long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Lastly, our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.

Authors:

Troja, E. ^[1]; Piro, L. ^[2]; van Eerten, H. ^[3]; Wollaeger, R. T. ^[4]; Im, M. ^[5]; Fox, O. D. ^[6]; Butler, N. R. ^[7]; Cenko, S. B. ^[8]; Sakamoto, T. ^[9]; Fryer, C. L. ^[4]; Ricci, R. ^[10]; Lien, A. ^[11]; Ryan, R. E. ^[6]; Korobkin, O. ^[4]; Lee, S. -K. ^[5]; Burgess, J. M. ^[12]; Lee, W. H. ^[13]; Watson, A. M. ^[13]; Choi, C. ^[5]; Covino, S. ^[14] more »

Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome (Italy)
University of Bath, Claverton Down (United Kingdom)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Seoul National University (South Korea)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Aoyama Gakuin University (Japan)
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia (Italy)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse (Germany)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico)
INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate (Italy)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain); Universidad de La Laguna (Spain)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (South Korea)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping (Australia)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-16

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

OSTI Identifier:: 1479933

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-29087
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature (London)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 551; Journal Issue: 7678; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; gravitational waves; kilonova; X-rays; counterpart; r-process

Citation Formats


                    Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., and Yoon, Y.. The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24290.

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                    Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., & Yoon, Y.. The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24290

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                    Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., and Yoon, Y.. Mon .  
"The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24290.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479933.

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@article{osti_1479933,

  title        = {The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817},

  author       = {Troja, E. and Piro, L. and van Eerten, H. and Wollaeger, R. T. and Im, M. and Fox, O. D. and Butler, N. R. and Cenko, S. B. and Sakamoto, T. and Fryer, C. L. and Ricci, R. and Lien, A. and Ryan, R. E. and Korobkin, O. and Lee, S. -K. and Burgess, J. M. and Lee, W. H. and Watson, A. M. and Choi, C. and Covino, S. and D’Avanzo, P. and Fontes, C. J. and González, J. Becerra and Khandrika, H. G. and Kim, J. and Kim, S. -L. and Lee, C. -U. and Lee, H. M. and Kutyrev, A. and Lim, G. and Sánchez-Ramírez, R. and Veilleux, S. and Wieringa, M. H. and Yoon, Y.},

  abstractNote = {We present a long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Lastly, our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nature24290},

  journal      = {Nature (London)},

  number       = 7678,

  volume       = 551,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
journal, July 2019

Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Fryer, Chris L.; Fontes, Christopher J.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab25f5

Merger of Compact Stars in the Two-families Scenario
journal, August 2019

Pietri, Roberto De; Drago, Alessandro; Feo, Alessandra
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fd0

A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT 2017gfo Associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, October 2019

Ren, Jia; Lin, Da-Bin; Zhang, Lu-Lu
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4188

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet
journal, October 2017

Margutti, R.; Berger, E.; Fong, W.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057

Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817
journal, December 2017

Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9478

Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817
journal, November 2017

Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa991c

A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations
journal, February 2018

Cantiello, Michele; Jensen, J. B.; Blakeslee, J. P.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaad64

An Upper Limit on the Linear Polarization Fraction of the GW170817 Radio Continuum
journal, July 2018

Corsi, Alessandra; Hallinan, Gregg W.; Lazzati, Davide
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacdfd

Californium-254 and Kilonova Light Curves
journal, August 2018

Zhu, Y.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Vassh, N.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad5de

The Optical Afterglow of GW170817 at One Year Post-merger
journal, January 2019

Lamb, G. P.; Lyman, J. D.; Levan, A. J.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf96b

GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
journal, July 2019

Wu, Yiyang; MacFadyen, Andrew
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab2fd4

Searches after Gravitational Waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s Third Observing Run
journal, August 2019

Lundquist, M. J.; Paterson, K.; Fong, W.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab32f2

The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin
journal, September 2019

Fong, W.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e

SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf
journal, October 2019

McBrien, Owen R.; Smartt, Stephen J.; Chen, Ting-Wan
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4dae

Search for post-merger gravitational waves from the remnant of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
text, January 2017

Abbott, B. P.; Al, Et
IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.5167/uzh-147240

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Title: The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Abstract

Citation Formats

Identification of two classes of gamma-ray bursts journal, August 1993

Precursors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, October 2010

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow with Continuous Energy Injection: Signature of a Highly Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar journal, May 2001

The electromagnetic signals of compact binary mergers journal, February 2013

MODELING THE AFTERGLOW OF THE POSSIBLE FERMI -GBM EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH GW150914 journal, July 2016

Microscopic mass formulas journal, July 1995

On the host Galaxy of grb 150101b and the Associated Active Galactic Nucleus journal, June 2016

Relativistic opacities for astrophysical applications journal, September 2015

Light Curves and Spectra from a Thermonuclear Explosion of a White Dwarf Merger journal, August 2016

Jet Collimation in the Ejecta of Double Neutron star Mergers: a new Canonical Picture of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, March 2014

A short γ-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy at redshift z = 0.225 journal, October 2005

THE SPECTRAL SN-GRB CONNECTION: SYSTEMATIC SPECTRAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE AND BROAD-LINED TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS journal, November 2016

Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows journal, April 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations journal, March 1995

Delayed X-ray emission from fallback in compact-object mergers journal, February 2009

Off-Axis Afterglow Emission from Jetted Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, May 2002

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars journal, July 1989

Line Strengths of Early-Type Galaxies journal, May 2008

Grb 080503 late Afterglow Re-Brightening: Signature of a Magnetar-Powered Merger-Nova journal, July 2015

Electromagnetic counterparts of compact object mergers powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei: Transients from compact object mergers journal, June 2010

Detectability of compact binary merger macronovae journal, April 2017

Networks of gravitational wave detectors and three figures of merit journal, May 2011

Gamma-ray bursts and the fireball model journal, June 1999

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Broadband Fitting Based Directly on Hydrodynamics Simulations journal, March 2012

The Metamorphosis of SN 1998bw journal, July 2001

High precision X-ray log N – log S distributions: implications for the obscured AGN population journal, October 2008

Optical-Near-Infrared Color Gradients and Merging History of Elliptical Galaxies journal, March 2013

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) journal, February 2006

Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function journal, July 2003

The Macronova in GRB 050709 and the GRB-macronova connection journal, September 2016

Kmtnet: a Network of 1.6 m Wide-Field Optical Telescopes Installed at Three Southern Observatories journal, February 2016

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: a Multigroup Hybrid Monte Carlo Method journal, November 2013

Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers journal, November 1998

Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, August 2014

Properties of X-ray rich gamma ray bursts and X-ray flashes detected with BeppoSAX and Hete-2 journal, September 2006

How to Tell a Jet from a Balloon: A Proposed Test for Beaming in Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, September 1997

Gamma-Ray Bursts are Observed Off-Axis journal, January 2015

An Achromatic Break in the Afterglow of the Short grb 140903a: Evidence for a Narrow jet journal, August 2016

Radioactivity and Thermalization in the Ejecta of Compact Object Mergers and Their Impact on Kilonova Light Curves journal, September 2016

The Missing Link: Merging Neutron Stars Naturally Produce Jet-Like Structures and can Power Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, April 2011

A complete sample of bright Swift short gamma-ray bursts journal, June 2014

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd journal, August 2011

Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003 journal, October 2003

Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum journal, September 2007

Afterglow light curves, viewing angle and the jet structure of -ray bursts journal, June 2002

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Scaling Relations for the full Blast wave Evolution journal, February 2012

Detectable radio flares following gravitational waves from mergers of binary neutron stars journal, September 2011

Off-axis emission of short γ-ray bursts and the detectability of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave-detected binary mergers journal, July 2017

The Los Alamos suite of relativistic atomic physics codes journal, May 2015

X-Ray-Powered Macronovae journal, February 2016

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants – II. Radioactively powered transients journal, January 2014

A Complete Sample of Ultraluminous X-Ray Source host Galaxies journal, October 2011

Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Modeling Based on a Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Hydrodynamics Simulation journal, September 2010

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: Opacity Regrouping journal, October 2014

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral journal, October 2017

An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi -GBM Detection of GRB 170817A journal, October 2017

INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 journal, October 2017

Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source journal, October 2017

Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova journal, October 2017

A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger journal, October 2017

Off-axis Prompt X-Ray Transients from the Cocoon of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet journal, October 2017

A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817 journal, October 2017

The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars journal, October 2017

The Environment of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 journal, October 2017

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source journal, October 2017

Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger journal, October 2017

Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis journal, October 2017

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r -process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South journal, October 2017

The cocoon emission – an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers journal, September 2017

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source text, January 2017

GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral text, January 2017

Binary neutron stars and production of heavy elements journal, January 2019

Discovery of a kilonova and prospects for future hunts journal, January 2019

INTEGRAL search for GW counterparts and the GRB170817A/GW170817 detection journal, February 2019

Kilonovae journal, December 2019

Identification of two classes of gamma-ray bursts
journal, August 1993

Precursors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, October 2010

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow with Continuous Energy Injection: Signature of a Highly Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar
journal, May 2001

The electromagnetic signals of compact binary mergers
journal, February 2013

MODELING THE AFTERGLOW OF THE POSSIBLE FERMI -GBM EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH GW150914
journal, July 2016

Microscopic mass formulas
journal, July 1995

On the host Galaxy of grb 150101b and the Associated Active Galactic Nucleus
journal, June 2016

Relativistic opacities for astrophysical applications
journal, September 2015

Light Curves and Spectra from a Thermonuclear Explosion of a White Dwarf Merger
journal, August 2016

Jet Collimation in the Ejecta of Double Neutron star Mergers: a new Canonical Picture of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, March 2014

A short γ-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy at redshift z = 0.225
journal, October 2005

THE SPECTRAL SN-GRB CONNECTION: SYSTEMATIC SPECTRAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE AND BROAD-LINED TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
journal, November 2016

Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
journal, April 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
journal, March 1995

Delayed X-ray emission from fallback in compact-object mergers
journal, February 2009

Off-Axis Afterglow Emission from Jetted Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, May 2002

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars
journal, July 1989

Line Strengths of Early-Type Galaxies
journal, May 2008

Grb 080503 late Afterglow Re-Brightening: Signature of a Magnetar-Powered Merger-Nova
journal, July 2015

Electromagnetic counterparts of compact object mergers powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei: Transients from compact object mergers
journal, June 2010

Detectability of compact binary merger macronovae
journal, April 2017

Networks of gravitational wave detectors and three figures of merit
journal, May 2011

Gamma-ray bursts and the fireball model
journal, June 1999

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Broadband Fitting Based Directly on Hydrodynamics Simulations
journal, March 2012

The Metamorphosis of SN 1998bw
journal, July 2001

High precision X-ray log N – log S distributions: implications for the obscured AGN population
journal, October 2008

Optical-Near-Infrared Color Gradients and Merging History of Elliptical Galaxies
journal, March 2013

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
journal, February 2006

Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
journal, July 2003

The Macronova in GRB 050709 and the GRB-macronova connection
journal, September 2016

Kmtnet: a Network of 1.6 m Wide-Field Optical Telescopes Installed at Three Southern Observatories
journal, February 2016

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: a Multigroup Hybrid Monte Carlo Method
journal, November 2013

Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers
journal, November 1998

Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, August 2014

Properties of X-ray rich gamma ray bursts and X-ray flashes detected with BeppoSAX and Hete-2
journal, September 2006

How to Tell a Jet from a Balloon: A Proposed Test for Beaming in Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, September 1997

Gamma-Ray Bursts are Observed Off-Axis
journal, January 2015

An Achromatic Break in the Afterglow of the Short grb 140903a: Evidence for a Narrow jet
journal, August 2016

Radioactivity and Thermalization in the Ejecta of Compact Object Mergers and Their Impact on Kilonova Light Curves
journal, September 2016

The Missing Link: Merging Neutron Stars Naturally Produce Jet-Like Structures and can Power Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, April 2011

A complete sample of bright Swift short gamma-ray bursts
journal, June 2014

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
journal, October 2003

Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
journal, September 2007

Afterglow light curves, viewing angle and the jet structure of -ray bursts
journal, June 2002

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Scaling Relations for the full Blast wave Evolution
journal, February 2012

Detectable radio flares following gravitational waves from mergers of binary neutron stars
journal, September 2011

Off-axis emission of short γ-ray bursts and the detectability of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave-detected binary mergers
journal, July 2017

The Los Alamos suite of relativistic atomic physics codes
journal, May 2015

X-Ray-Powered Macronovae
journal, February 2016

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants – II. Radioactively powered transients
journal, January 2014

A Complete Sample of Ultraluminous X-Ray Source host Galaxies
journal, October 2011

Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Modeling Based on a Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Hydrodynamics Simulation
journal, September 2010

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: Opacity Regrouping
journal, October 2014

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
journal, October 2017

An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi -GBM Detection of GRB 170817A
journal, October 2017

INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817
journal, October 2017

Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source
journal, October 2017

Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova
journal, October 2017

A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017

Off-axis Prompt X-Ray Transients from the Cocoon of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet
journal, October 2017

A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817
journal, October 2017

The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
journal, October 2017

The Environment of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, October 2017

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
journal, October 2017

Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger
journal, October 2017

Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis
journal, October 2017

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r -process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South
journal, October 2017

The cocoon emission – an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers
journal, September 2017

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
text, January 2017

GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral
text, January 2017

Binary neutron stars and production of heavy elements
journal, January 2019

Discovery of a kilonova and prospects for future hunts
journal, January 2019

INTEGRAL search for GW counterparts and the GRB170817A/GW170817 detection
journal, February 2019

Kilonovae
journal, December 2019

An optimised gravitational wave follow-up strategy with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
journal, January 2019

Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger
journal, October 2017

A peculiar low-luminosity short gamma-ray burst from a double neutron star merger progenitor
journal, January 2018