Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC

Agarwal, Shradha; Bhattacharya, Arunodaya; Trocellier, Patrick; Zinkle, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062

Title: Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC

Abstract

Transition-metal ultra-high temperature ceramics are promising materials for nuclear structural applications. However, an understanding of their response to high-temperature irradiation and helium is vastly limited. This paper presents a study of helium effects in zirconium carbide (ZrC) by performing room temperature 3 MeV ³He⁺ ion irradiations up to 5 × 10²⁰ ions m^–2 (~1.8 at.% at peak) and high-temperature annealing (1273–1873 K), coupled with state-of-art characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). We reveal that ZrC is susceptible to irradiation damage in terms of helium bubble formation. After annealing at 1373 K, tiny bubbles (1–2 nm) formed aligned clusters which were highly over-pressurized, producing strain contrast in TEM. At 1773 K, significant bubble growth occurred. Additionally, at 1773 K, a combined TEM/SEM analysis revealed dramatic matrix damage due to helium-induced surface blistering. Underneath blister caps, the microstructure evolved into ultra-fine nano-scale grains similar to high burn-up structures observed in nuclear fuels, but consisting of numerous nano-cracks. We hypothesize that such structures are formed due to high gas pressure build-up and its subsequent release. This phenomenon initiated at the grain boundaries. Blister top surface consisted of inter-granular and trans-granular cracks. NRA depth profilingmore »« less

Authors:

Agarwal, Shradha ^[1];

^[2]; Trocellier, Patrick ^[3];

^[4]

Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Oct 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1479779

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1636954

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; -SC0006661

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Acta Materialia

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 163; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Zirconium carbide; Helium; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Implantation/irradiation; Diffusion

Citation Formats


                    Agarwal, Shradha, Bhattacharya, Arunodaya, Trocellier, Patrick, and Zinkle, Steven J. Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062.

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                    Agarwal, Shradha, Bhattacharya, Arunodaya, Trocellier, Patrick, & Zinkle, Steven J. Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062

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                    Agarwal, Shradha, Bhattacharya, Arunodaya, Trocellier, Patrick, and Zinkle, Steven J. Wed .  
"Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479779.

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@article{osti_1479779,

  title        = {Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC},

  author       = {Agarwal, Shradha and Bhattacharya, Arunodaya and Trocellier, Patrick and Zinkle, Steven J.},

  abstractNote = {Transition-metal ultra-high temperature ceramics are promising materials for nuclear structural applications. However, an understanding of their response to high-temperature irradiation and helium is vastly limited. This paper presents a study of helium effects in zirconium carbide (ZrC) by performing room temperature 3 MeV 3He+ ion irradiations up to 5 × 1020 ions m–2 (~1.8 at.% at peak) and high-temperature annealing (1273–1873 K), coupled with state-of-art characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). We reveal that ZrC is susceptible to irradiation damage in terms of helium bubble formation. After annealing at 1373 K, tiny bubbles (1–2 nm) formed aligned clusters which were highly over-pressurized, producing strain contrast in TEM. At 1773 K, significant bubble growth occurred. Additionally, at 1773 K, a combined TEM/SEM analysis revealed dramatic matrix damage due to helium-induced surface blistering. Underneath blister caps, the microstructure evolved into ultra-fine nano-scale grains similar to high burn-up structures observed in nuclear fuels, but consisting of numerous nano-cracks. We hypothesize that such structures are formed due to high gas pressure build-up and its subsequent release. This phenomenon initiated at the grain boundaries. Blister top surface consisted of inter-granular and trans-granular cracks. NRA depth profiling revealed that helium was present as double peaks with major portion lying at the end-of-the-range (EOR) and the rest as TEM invisible clusters in a shoulder extending to the surface. ZrC started releasing helium after 1373 K. As a result, helium release increased significantly at higher temperatures, with majority helium loss occurring from EOR rather than from near-surface regions.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062},

  journal      = {Acta Materialia},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 163,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Oct 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Wed Oct 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.062

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Cited by: 23 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: SRIM calculations of the depth distribution of helium concentration and damage in dpa for the implantation fluence of 5x10²⁰ ions.m^-2. Dose was estimated using Kinchin-Pease calculations.

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures
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Zdorovets, Maxim. V.; Dukenbayev, Kanat; Kozlovskiy, Artem. L.
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Microstructure Evolution in ZrCx with Different Stoichiometries Irradiated by Four MeV Au Ions
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Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures
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Zdorovets, Maxim. V.; Dukenbayev, Kanat; Kozlovskiy, Artem. L.
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Title: Helium induced microstructure damage, nano-scale grain formation and helium retention behaviour of ZrC

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Fission product release from ZrC-coated fuel particles during postirradiation heating at 1600°C journal, July 1995

Retention of fission product caesium in ZrC-coated fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors journal, June 2000

Properties of zirconium carbide for nuclear fuel applications journal, October 2013

Radiation effects in carbides: TiC and ZrC versus SiC journal, May 2014

Effects of fast neutron irradiation on zirconium carbide journal, April 2010

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Multi-scale simulation of the experimental response of ion-irradiated zirconium carbide: Role of interstitial clustering journal, January 2016

Proton irradiation study of GFR candidate ceramics journal, May 2009

Microstructure and mechanical properties of proton irradiated zirconium carbide journal, September 2008

Multistep damage evolution process in cubic zirconia irradiated with MeV ions journal, October 2009

Damage processes in MgO irradiated with medium-energy heavy ions journal, April 2015

Handbook of SiC properties for fuel performance modeling journal, September 2007

Helium accumulation in metals during irradiation – where do we stand? journal, December 2003

Microstructural evolution of helium-implanted α-SiC journal, May 2000

Helium-assisted cavity formation in ion-irradiated ceramics journal, March 1991

Effect of H and He irradiation on cavity formation and blistering in ceramics journal, September 2012

An experimental study of helium diffusion and helium induced microstructural evolution in ion implanted polycrystalline titanium nitride journal, December 2016

Elaboration and behavior under extreme irradiation conditions of nano- and micro-structured TiC journal, August 2015

Helium ion implantation in SiAlON: Characterisation of cavity structures using TEM and IBA journal, May 2000

The effect of He and swift heavy ions on nanocrystalline zirconium nitride journal, May 2014

Evolution of Helium Platelets and Associated Dislocation Loops in α -SiC journal, March 1999

A review on helium mobility in inorganic materials journal, February 2014

Study of helium migration in nuclear materials at Jannus–Saclay journal, July 2014

Diffusion and retention of helium in titanium carbide journal, May 2014

Helium thermal diffusion in a uranium dioxide matrix journal, February 2004

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in zirconia journal, September 2003

Characterisation of radiation-damage microstructures by TEM journal, October 1994

Foil thickness measurements from convergent-beam diffraction patterns An experimental assessment of errors journal, August 1982

Defect kinetics and resistance to amorphization in zirconium carbide journal, February 2015

Migration mechanisms of helium in copper and tungsten journal, August 2014

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium diffusion in britholite journal, October 2002

Helium diffusion in rutile and titanite, and consideration of the origin and implications of diffusional anisotropy journal, September 2011

Application of nuclear reaction geometry for 3He depth profiling in nuclear ceramics journal, May 2003

The role of implanted gas and lateral stress in blister formation mechanisms journal, September 1978

The theory of blister formation journal, January 1979

Phase stability diagrams of transition metal carbides, a theoretical study journal, January 2001

The high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel journal, December 2010

Microstructural analysis of LWR spent fuels at high burnup journal, June 1992

Depth distribution and migration of helium in vanadium at elevated temperatures journal, December 1976

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in silicon carbide journal, August 2011

Helium behaviour in stoichiometric and hyper-stoichiometric UO2 journal, May 2014

Rare gas diffusion in nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide journal, June 1967

Stability and mobility of self-interstitials and small interstitial clusters in α-iron: ab initio and empirical potential calculations journal, January 2005

Predicted vacancy cluster structures in MgO and their interaction with helium journal, December 2000

Thermal behaviour of helium in silicon carbide: Influence of microstructure journal, May 2009

He implantation in cubic zirconia: Deleterious effect of thermal annealing journal, July 2010

The density and pressure of helium in bubbles in implanted metals: A critical review journal, January 1985

Rate controlling nucleation and diffusion processes in faceted inert gas bubbles and voids journal, July 1972

State of a pressurized helium bubble in iron journal, March 2009

Equilibrium shapes and surface selection of nanostructures in 6H-SiC journal, April 2017

The thermal equilibrium shape and size of holes in solids journal, January 1965

Microstructure and helium irradiation performance of high purity tungsten processed by cold rolling journal, October 2016

Helium retention of vanadium alloy after energetic helium ion irradiation journal, October 2004

Energetics and formation kinetics of helium bubbles in metals journal, January 1983

Refractory Diborides of Zirconium and Hafnium journal, May 2007

Dramatic reduction of void swelling by helium in ion-irradiated high purity α -iron journal, April 2018

Theoretical basis for unified analysis of experimental data and design of swelling resistant alloys journal, March 1991

Properties of He clustering in α-Fe grain boundaries journal, April 2015

EPMA and SEM of fuel samples from PWR rods with an average burn-up of around 100 MWd/kgHM journal, March 2002

Restructuring in high burnup UO2 studied using modern electron microscopy journal, October 2018

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures journal, July 2019

Microstructure Evolution in ZrCx with Different Stoichiometries Irradiated by Four MeV Au Ions journal, November 2019

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures journal, July 2019

Microstructure Evolution in ZrCx with Different Stoichiometries Irradiated by Four MeV Au Ions journal, November 2019

Fission product release from ZrC-coated fuel particles during postirradiation heating at 1600°C
journal, July 1995

Retention of fission product caesium in ZrC-coated fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors
journal, June 2000

Properties of zirconium carbide for nuclear fuel applications
journal, October 2013

Radiation effects in carbides: TiC and ZrC versus SiC
journal, May 2014

Effects of fast neutron irradiation on zirconium carbide
journal, April 2010

In situ ion irradiation of zirconium carbide
journal, November 2015

Structural evolution of zirconium carbide under ion irradiation
journal, February 2008

Multi-scale simulation of the experimental response of ion-irradiated zirconium carbide: Role of interstitial clustering
journal, January 2016

Proton irradiation study of GFR candidate ceramics
journal, May 2009

Microstructure and mechanical properties of proton irradiated zirconium carbide
journal, September 2008

Multistep damage evolution process in cubic zirconia irradiated with MeV ions
journal, October 2009

Damage processes in MgO irradiated with medium-energy heavy ions
journal, April 2015

Handbook of SiC properties for fuel performance modeling
journal, September 2007

Helium accumulation in metals during irradiation – where do we stand?
journal, December 2003

Microstructural evolution of helium-implanted α-SiC
journal, May 2000

Helium-assisted cavity formation in ion-irradiated ceramics
journal, March 1991

Effect of H and He irradiation on cavity formation and blistering in ceramics
journal, September 2012

An experimental study of helium diffusion and helium induced microstructural evolution in ion implanted polycrystalline titanium nitride
journal, December 2016

Elaboration and behavior under extreme irradiation conditions of nano- and micro-structured TiC
journal, August 2015

Helium ion implantation in SiAlON: Characterisation of cavity structures using TEM and IBA
journal, May 2000

The effect of He and swift heavy ions on nanocrystalline zirconium nitride
journal, May 2014

Evolution of Helium Platelets and Associated Dislocation Loops in $α$ -SiC
journal, March 1999

A review on helium mobility in inorganic materials
journal, February 2014

Study of helium migration in nuclear materials at Jannus–Saclay
journal, July 2014

Diffusion and retention of helium in titanium carbide
journal, May 2014

Helium thermal diffusion in a uranium dioxide matrix
journal, February 2004

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in zirconia
journal, September 2003

Characterisation of radiation-damage microstructures by TEM
journal, October 1994

Foil thickness measurements from convergent-beam diffraction patterns An experimental assessment of errors
journal, August 1982

Defect kinetics and resistance to amorphization in zirconium carbide
journal, February 2015

Migration mechanisms of helium in copper and tungsten
journal, August 2014

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium diffusion in britholite
journal, October 2002

Helium diffusion in rutile and titanite, and consideration of the origin and implications of diffusional anisotropy
journal, September 2011

Application of nuclear reaction geometry for 3He depth profiling in nuclear ceramics
journal, May 2003

The role of implanted gas and lateral stress in blister formation mechanisms
journal, September 1978

The theory of blister formation
journal, January 1979

Phase stability diagrams of transition metal carbides, a theoretical study
journal, January 2001

The high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel
journal, December 2010

Microstructural analysis of LWR spent fuels at high burnup
journal, June 1992

Depth distribution and migration of helium in vanadium at elevated temperatures
journal, December 1976

Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in silicon carbide
journal, August 2011

Helium behaviour in stoichiometric and hyper-stoichiometric UO2
journal, May 2014

Rare gas diffusion in nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide
journal, June 1967

Stability and mobility of self-interstitials and small interstitial clusters in α-iron: ab initio and empirical potential calculations
journal, January 2005

Predicted vacancy cluster structures in MgO and their interaction with helium
journal, December 2000

Thermal behaviour of helium in silicon carbide: Influence of microstructure
journal, May 2009

He implantation in cubic zirconia: Deleterious effect of thermal annealing
journal, July 2010

The density and pressure of helium in bubbles in implanted metals: A critical review
journal, January 1985

Rate controlling nucleation and diffusion processes in faceted inert gas bubbles and voids
journal, July 1972

State of a pressurized helium bubble in iron
journal, March 2009

Equilibrium shapes and surface selection of nanostructures in 6H-SiC
journal, April 2017

The thermal equilibrium shape and size of holes in solids
journal, January 1965

Microstructure and helium irradiation performance of high purity tungsten processed by cold rolling
journal, October 2016

Helium retention of vanadium alloy after energetic helium ion irradiation
journal, October 2004

Energetics and formation kinetics of helium bubbles in metals
journal, January 1983

Refractory Diborides of Zirconium and Hafnium
journal, May 2007

Dramatic reduction of void swelling by helium in ion-irradiated high purity α -iron
journal, April 2018

Theoretical basis for unified analysis of experimental data and design of swelling resistant alloys
journal, March 1991

Properties of He clustering in α-Fe grain boundaries
journal, April 2015

EPMA and SEM of fuel samples from PWR rods with an average burn-up of around 100 MWd/kgHM
journal, March 2002

Restructuring in high burnup UO2 studied using modern electron microscopy
journal, October 2018

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures
journal, July 2019

Microstructure Evolution in ZrCx with Different Stoichiometries Irradiated by Four MeV Au Ions
journal, November 2019

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures
journal, July 2019

Microstructure Evolution in ZrCx with Different Stoichiometries Irradiated by Four MeV Au Ions
journal, November 2019