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Title: Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · · Journal of Power Sources
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
+ Show Author Affiliations

Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, and the formation process for them typically takes several days or even more to provide a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The slow formation step results in lower LIB production rates, requires a large number of battery cyclers, and constitutes the second highest cost during battery manufacturing. In an effort to decrease the high manufacturing cost associated with long formation times, here we studied five different formation protocols in nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)/graphite cells where the total formation time varied from 10 to 86 h. Electrochemical characterization and post mortem analysis show that very long formation time do not necessarily improve long-term performance while very short formation protocols result in lithium plating and poorer electrochemical performance. Finally, we find the optimum formation cycling protocol is intermediate in length to minimize impedance growth, improve capacity retention, and avoid lithium plating.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1479760
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1636500
Journal Information:
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 402; ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 45 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (3)

A novel weight coefficient calculation method for the real‐time state monitoring of the lithium‐ion battery packs under the complex current variation working conditions journal October 2019
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 Cathode with an Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolyte journal January 2019
Active formation of Li-ion batteries and its effect on cycle life journal August 2019

Figures / Tables (9)

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
fast formation
Ni-rich cathode
cycling stability
Li-ion battery
solid electrolyte interphase
lithium plating